Differentiation Of The Self

Differentiation Of The Self Murray Bowen laid a foundation for family systems theory and established an effective way of carrying out family therapy. Among his concepts is that of differentiation of the self, which will be explored in this paper. The paper begins with my own connection with the idea. Next, I explore the theory, describing key players in its development, those related to differentiation, and how it can be used to treat family therapy issues. Keywords: Bowen, differentiation of self, family therapy I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together. (Lennon and McCartney, 1967.) In the above lyrics from the song I am The Walrus, the singer sees himself and others as just another version of each other. Any differentiation between self and other is erased. The ability to self-differentiate, however, is critical for personal development, especially with respect to family members. Consequently, the differentiation of the self is not merely a theoretical idea but also a life task for all individuals, including family therapists. As I listen to this Beatles song, I reflect upon how I both might find my place in the world and how I might relate to my family of origin. I find Bowens theory of differentiation of the self compelling because it offers me a means of reviewing past family relationships and dealing with present dynamics in a positive manner, rather than simply cutting off family members entirely and disowning them. Personal Connection To The Theme My interest in Murray Bowens idea of differentiation of the self arose as I reread family therapy literature. Bowens theories spurred me to reevaluate my life, most recently my marriage of June 2010 and my first move outside my parents home in September of the same year. I had moved into this house with my family in August 9, 1974, the day that Richard Nixon resigned from office. This move from our previous home took place to live in a better school district as well as help care for my elderly maternal grandparents. Those grandparents died in 1975. On February 13, 1976, just three days after my ninth birthday and when my brother was not yet eight, my father died of a heart attack. The changes to our family dynamics were profound. At a very young age, I was forced into a position in which I had adult responsibilities as the man of the house, and as my mothers confidante, which included not only hearing adult topics, but being triangulated when my brother acted out. Other new alignments included us brothers acting against our mother and my brother and mother aligning against me. These dynamics have continued and remain the dominant modes of interactions between us three. At times, over the last nineteen years, our emotional interactions became particularly intense, including my departure to attend college, my brothers moving in and out of the house several times, and my mothers repeated illnesses. From 1991 to 2010 I served as my mothers caregiver, with extensive duties including her transportation, errands, house-cleaning, unofficial psychotherapy, and some medical care. During this period, I sacrificed career advancement and earning potential by refusing to consider jobs that would lessen my availability to her if needed. At the same time, I also pursued avenues such as computer training to keep me busy and out of the house. It was very difficult to resolve these competing goals. The dynamics began to change when I met my wife in April, 2009. We bonded over a period of six months, became engaged, and were wed on June 27, 2010. My mother was opposed to our relationship from the start, insisting that a relationship would get in the way of my schoolwork. My brother also was hostile to my wife, saying snide things. Clearly, both preferred the status quo of my enslavement. After the wedding, my wife moved into the house and helped me take care of my mother for two months. This situation soon became intolerable for all three of us. We moved out on September 1, 2010, angering my brother because he had not been consulted about our mothers care arrangements. Since then, I have provided my mother with community resources for her various needs, leaving it up to her to decide if she wishes to use them, as I do not have the time to take care of her any more. Meanwhile, I am currently addressing my self-differentiation process in both individual and couples therapy. As I reflect again upon the Beatles song, I apply it to my own situation, seeing how critical it is to differentiate on the one hand from the he (referring to a deceased father) and the he (referring to a brother), not to mention a she (referring to a mother). I know firsthand how it is a major challenge to become oneself yet at the same time retaining healthy and loving ties with ones family of origin. It is with this difficult enterprise in mind that Murray Bowen developed his highly influential theory. This paper will discuss this theory and its relation to differentiation of the self, beginning with a history of the theory, its key-players and successors. Early History and Successors According to Nichols and Schwartz (2009), Murray Bowen was a psychiatrist at the Menninger Clinic in the late 1940s. He was interested in the relationship between schizophrenics and their mothers, which he understood not as a symbiosis of two equal partners, but as an amplified version of a tendency to emotionally react in relationships. Then, while working at the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), which he became a part of in 1954, he initiated the hospitalization of entire families with a schizophrenic member. Among his significant findings was the realization that the entire family was involved in the bond between the mother and the disturbed child. From these observations he formulated the idea of anxious attachment, a phenomenon in which closeness in troubled families is driven by anxiety to the point that family, members were stuck together or fused to the point that they lacked personal autonomy. When the NIMH project ended in 1959, Bowen moved to Georgetown Universit y, where he worked for 31 years. In 1990, he died after a long illness, but not before imparting his wisdom to several students and successors. Nichols and Schwartz (2009) note that Bowens students Philip Guerin and Thomas Fogarty formed the Center For Family Learning in New Rochelle, New York in 1973. Guerin was interested in measuring the severity of the conflict and then singling out specific issues to work on. This therapy model had several components. Guerin stressed the multigenerational context of families, carefully defined familial relationship patterns, and paid close attention to addressing the intense emotions of the family member. Bowen also passed the mantle to Betty Carter and Monica McGoldrick, who are best known for elucidating the family life cycle and promoting feminist perspectives within the field. Perhaps Michael Kerr is Bowens most faithful student and colleague. He has been the director of the Georgetown Family Center since 1977. He wrote the book Family Evaluation with Bowen in 1988. Theoretical Constructs Bowens theory is multifaceted. According to Winek (2010), his first main idea is that of chronic anxiety, which holds them together. Bowen found that although chronic anxiety is found across the animal kingdom and it is less a cognitive response than an automatic one. When the anxiety experienced by individuals is low, those persons have a greater capacity to contemplate either a specific situation or their overall existence. When the level of anxiety increases, the ability to think about a situation calmly declines and affected individuals become far more emotionally reactive. Over time, an emotionally reactive person becomes conflicted, distant or emotionally cutoff. These cutoffs will be discussed later. As noted by Winek (2010), the contrasting ideas of differentiation and emotional fusion are important to Bowen in the attempt to relieve a patient of that anxiety. Differentiation refers to how a person functions in response to his or her level of anxiety. This is an individual reaction in that differentiated persons can deal with their anxiety on their own and allow emotional issues to be addressed without being fused with others emotions. Bowen worked with Michael Kerr to develop a differentiation scale, and stressed that the more differentiated a person was, the less likely they would be ill or irrational because of stress. In contrast, emotional fusion is in many ways an unhealthy extension of a natural process. When infants are born, they are emotionally fused with their primary caregiver, usually the mother. They have the developmental task of developing their own personality, and should be able to grow into adolescence and adulthood, move out and start their own family. If a f amily is said to be fused, family members share common emotional responses. If a single family member experience anxiety, the entire family does so as well. If one member attempts to become more autonomous, the other members collectively experience these actions as abandonment. Emotionally fused persons are disempowered in several ways. They can cope with anxiety-producing situations either emotionally or intellectually, but not both at the same time. They also have an all or nothing approach in dealing with relationships, to the point that when these relationships become too intense, they tend to cut off emotionally and physically. These acts of cutting off do not ultimately reduce anxiety, but instead increases it (Winek, 2010). Other ideas important to Bowen include the pseudo-self, which he developed with Michael Kerr. When people sense they lack positive attributes such as strength and wisdom, within themselves, they attempt to put on a false front that exhibit those traits to seek validation from others, the false self they present is the pseudo-self. Another important idea Bowen presented is that of borrowed functioning, which refers to an individual who ostensibly functions at a higher level than his or her partner. For example, in a couple in which there is a health problem, the ill partner may be functioning at a lower level in part because the other partner is invested in perpetuating a dynamic in which he or she is a caretaker. Both pseudo-self and borrowed functioning operate at an unconscious level (Winek, 2010). Winek (2010) states that the remaining constructs developed by Bowen further help to elucidate differentiation of self. Other theorists refer to a family system but Bowen calls it the emotional system. Bowen refers to a naturally occurring multigenerational transmission process, in which current generations are connected to past generations. Thus, current symptoms in a given family emotional system may derive from an earlier generation. These longstanding symptoms may persist until individual family members are able to differentiate further. One can think of differentiation, fusion and the pseudo-self all as attempts to relieve anxiety in an emotional system. According to Winek (2010), this is particularly apparent in Bowens idea of the emotional triangle. When two family members experience anxiety, they achieve balance by incorporating a third member into their relationship, thus creating the triangle. Triangles occur in what Bowen called nuclear family emotional system. Viewed in this way, any constant anxiety within a family unit over time would show up as a dysfunction within the whole family. An example of a triangle is when parents experience marital difficulties, but rather then address the problems together, they focus their attention together upon one or more children. Bowen also was able to conclude that birth order will affect a childs relationships including involvement in triangles by drawing upon Walter Tomans work concerning ten distinct personality subtypes of siblings based on birth order. Lastly, Bowen extended his work with the family to apply to society as a whole, which he believed also operates like a family, with its own multigenerational transmission, chronic anxiety, and struggles of differentiation. Within both a family and society, there are ebbs and flows in anxiety, with social problems occurring when high anxiety is present. Bowen even applied his idea of societal regression to the family therapy profession, and was concerned that it might have rapid growth, but also fade quickly like a fad. He was afraid that it might quickly ebb and flow (Winek, 2010). Fortunately for mental health professionals and society, family therapy has not faded. More Perspective On Differentiation Becvar and Becvar (2009) provide further detail regarding differentiation, noting that Bowen was concerned with two kinds of differentiation, both the external differentiation of the self from others and also the internal differentiation of feeling processes from intellectual processes. People who are undifferentiated from others are likely to marry or make permanent commitments to each other. Instead, a couple composed of two undifferentiated persons will experience one or more of the following: emotional distance between themselves, dysfunction in at least one of the spouses, open conflict, or projection of problems onto children. Children indeed are significantly affected in such a family. Bowens believed that because a child resonates the mothers instability, the mother, thinking the child is the one with the problem, becomes overprotective, thus further impairing the child. According to Bowen, simply because individuals live physically apart from their family of origin, it does not mean that they are differentiated. As noted above, even a complete emotional cut off is not a successful form of differentiation. Until emotional attachments and cutoffs are successfully negotiated, fusion will increase and the multigenerational transmission will persist. Amidst these attachment issues, a highly differentiated person will recover from stress because they have more coping mechanisms in contrast to a person who is less differentiated. Finally, Becvar and Becvar stress that though Bowen valued a high degree of differentiation, he nevertheless acknowledged that it was a theoretical ideal in which each person could be self-reliant, and not make others responsible for their emotions (Becvar and Becvar, 2009). Assessment and Treatment Issues Walsh and McGraw (2002) discuss the practical applications of Bowens theory for the assessment, diagnosis and treatment of family issues. Therapists following Bowens theory do not pathologize a single family member, but instead address the problem in the context of the family system. The first sessions consist of taking a history of the presenting problem, the nuclear family as a whole, as well as a history of both spouses extended family systems. Thus might include the initial documentation of births, divorces, and deaths on a genogram. Particular attention would be given to any triangles and emotional cutoffs that affect the nuclear family. The most important issue for Bowenians in the practical applications of his theory is to foster differentiation of the self. The reason is that if individuals increase differentiation, they can better cope with anxiety intellectually and will hopefully lessen their emotional reactivity as they improve their intellectual functioning. A related go al with family therapy is to take care of unfinished business in the family of origin. Bowenian therapists will seek to reduce anxiety and lessen symptoms. While symptom and anxiety reduction can occur between a few sessions or months of treatment, improving differentiation can take years. Along with assessment, Walsh and McGraw (2002) delineate six steps in treatment. First, the presenting problem is explored, Second the therapist works with the family to develop their genogram. Third, systemic questions are used to understand family relationships. Fourth, the focus is broadened to larger family systems. Fifth, feedback is provided to families. Finally, techniques are used to promote change. In contrast to other family therapy models, Bowenian family therapy does not employ many techniques. Those that are used are designed to decrease anxiety and emotional reactivity in the family. The use of genograms remains the most important component in this model, because genograms both organize family information and capture family dynamics. Also central to success in family therapy are other techniques. This includes the therapists commitment to a stance of emotional neutrality, thus ensuring that he or she does not being triangulated into the system. To this end, Bowenian therapists employ factual questioning to focus with the family upon their dynamics as opposed to the tense emotionality and reactivity. They make use of didactic teaching by directly teaching family members about emotional systems so that family members can think more objectively. Other helpful techniques a therapist can suggest for family members include role-playing, talking to an empty chair to represent absent members, journaling, and writing letters to each other about family situations and their feelings about them. In multiple family therapy, families work as a group, with Bowen addressing one family at a time while the other families observed (Walsh and McGraw, 2002). Discussion In preparing for this paper, I learned how much of Bowens theory made sense for my own life. My development as an adult including my familys response to my recent marriage have provided unique educational models. I have learned how to enforce boundaries with my mother and brother, while my wife does the same with her family. I started preparing this paper shortly after we started couples work to deal with our families of origin. While I have not finished my differentiation work, I see myself in the midst of the process with my wife. We want to have healthy emotional lives, and are concerned about passing on dynamics to our children. I have also realized that there are common treatment issues in all families. For example, many families like my own face anxiety in how members relate. There are degrees of fusion and separation in families. Mine has been obviously fused, probably for some generations back. I also realized that physically cutting myself off from my family or my wife doing so would not help anyone. I choose to acknowledge my own family experience with those clients I meet, and will seek to remain objective. My own preference for using Bowens model is to be more engaged than observational. I am particularly interested in using the aforementioned techniques of genograms, role-playing, letter-writing and the empty chair. As a future counselor, I also know that differentiation does not mean isolation and abandonment of ones family, and I will take that knowledge into my practice. In returning to the song lyrics, I hope that I can apply Bowens theories to my life and my work. My goal is to separate being me from he or you or she. Then, I can truly say that we are altogether as individuals, not in a fused mass.

WWII Research Paper

WWII Research Paper: Oskar Shindler During a very dark time in history, during World War II, Oskar Schindler saved the lives of thousands of Jews by employing them in his factories, he had little to gain and everything to lose by saving these Jews but he was a courageous individual who did the right thing when others wouldn’t. Oskar Schindler was and opportunist and a businessman. He was one of many who sought to make a profit from the German invasion of Poland. He gained ownership of an enamelware factory and he employed around 1,000 Jews, At first he was only otivated by money, Jewish labor was extremely cheap, but it later turned into him helping and shielding his workers without regards of the cost. Oskar would claim to SS officers that unskilled workers were essential to his factory even though they were not.Under his employment his workers were treated with somewhat respect and were never beaten, let alone killed. The special status of his factory also became a big facto r in his efforts to help save his workers from the work and death camps. When his workers were hreatened with deportation to these camps, he would simply claim exemptions for them, stating that even women, children and handicapped persons were necessary for his workforce. Schindler’s Jewish workers weren’t just things to him, they were human beings and he used all his skills to help protect them. He called them his Schindlerjuden, (Schindler’s Jews) and he often got them out of very difficult situations. After he witnessed the 1942 raid on the Krakow Ghetto, where he was appalled to see many of hisJewish workers being murdered, he began to work increasingly hard to help protect his workers. One-account states that two Gestapo men came to Schindler demanding he give up a family who he had forged identify papers for. After three hours, some drinking and his charm the two Gestapo men left without the family or the incriminating documents. Schindler is also said to have smuggle Jewish children out of the ghettos by giving them to polish nuns who would hide them. Schindler talked the commander of the Plaszow amp, Amon Goth, into making his factory a sub camp of Plazow and having a few hundred Jews work there. In this way the workers would be relatively safer from the German guards. Schindler’s mastery of persuasion and charm saved many Jews lives.In the beginning it was only about making money and becoming rich for Schindler, but it became something much more to him and in the end he died a penny- less hero. Oskcar would constantly buy supplies and extra food off the black market for his workers. He was caught numerous times, but each time he paid off SS officials and as never punished. Towards the end of the war, with Russia drawing nearer, he bribed and convinced SS officials to let him move his work force of over a thousand Jews to another factory. Thus he saved their lives from certain death in the extermination camps which were work ing on the double to eliminate Jews before Russia was upon them. In the new factory Schindler was supposed to be producing weapons and ammunition for the war effort. In the eight months of operation there the barley produced anything.Schindler made now money and his once fortune grew smaller and smaller as he bought supplies for his workers and bribed officials. In the end though it wasn’t about money for Oskar Schindler, it was about helping out his fellow human beings thorough one of the most horrific time periods in history. To him it was about preserving human life and doing the right thing.Bibliography 1)†Oskar Schindler. † United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. 2004. 10 May 2009 . 2)†Oskar Schindler, rescuer of Jews during the Holocaust. † . 10 May 2009 . 3)†Oskar Schindler. † . 2005. 10 May 2009 .

Is Illegal Immigration Harmful to the United States Essay

â€Å"The mighty tides of immigration†¦ bring to us different languages, opinions, customs, and principles†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Immigration opposing views 26). Immigrants from all over the world contribute to the United States by revitalizing cities, building the economy, and bringing their energizing culture to the bland society of America. About 12 million people in the United States are living illegally (scholastic, New York Times Subtitle) only because of the U. S code title 8 1325, which states that you have committed a federal crime if an improper entry has been attempted by an alien (legal information institute par. 1). Illegal immigration should not be considered harmful to the United Sates; hence, it molds society into a multi cultural and prosperous country. The current immigration policy brings tension to family ties and tears them apart. About one million spouses and children wait daily for visas in hopes of reuniting with their families (immigration opposing views 138-139). In some cases children are left behind in the care of their grandparents or uncles, while their parents go in search of a better job and a new life in order to support their family, or go back to their home country to resume their lives while their children get a better education, which causes many children separation anxiety. A reporter interviewed a 23 year old who now is in the process of becoming legal because of the Dream act. From now on she will be known as subject A. She first came here from Nicaragua legally with her mother on the year of 2001 to spend Christmas with her family. She has an older sister (Subject B) who was already here when subject A arrived. Subject B came to the United States from Nicaragua legally in the year of 1998, as her 15th birthday present, as she was visiting a category 5 Hurricane, known as hurricane Mitch struck all of Central America and the Yucatan peninsula but Honduras and Nicaragua were especially hit hard, on October 22 of 1998 (history par. 2 & 3), which did not allow her to go back to Nicaragua. As a result of all the damage done by the deadly storm the United States lend a helping hand to those countries in need by granting TPS (temporary protected status) to migrants of those countries. Subject B was eligible to receive TPS on January fifth 1999; she was given an employment authorization document (EAD) and was granted travel authorization if it was needed, as well as the reassurance that she could not be removed from the United States. Subject B was not able to fly out, so she had to stay with her mother’s sister also subjects B aunt (subject D). Subject D as very close with subject A and B; they even sometimes saw them as their second parents. Subject A and C had to fly back home, as Subject A had to return to her regular life, as Subject A approached the age of 13 she was told she had a colon disease which could not be treated in Nicaragua because of the lack of technology advancement. She quickly returned to the United States with her mother. As she stayed for about 3 months, her medical conditions worsened, Subject A’s family came to a mutual decision that she should stay in the care of her aunt (subject D) her uncle and her older sister (subject B). Soon after her mother flew back, and subject A was getting accustomed to the fast pace American life. The validity of her visa card came to an end, and she was now an illegal immigrant. She felt comfortable for only about two to three months, little by little she started to shut down and talked less and started to have pessimistic thoughts about life. Growing up as an illegal immigrant Subject A did not fell indifferent, only because she did not now situation she was in. Everything changed once she entered high school; she did not have the ‘normal teenage’ experience. But as she got older she grew to understand and started to have hatred feeling towards her mother for what she called ‘abandoning’ her and her sister. She grew jealous of certain family members because they growing up with both parents and they were able to go to parks with their dads while she went with her sister or aunt. As other kids were learning how to drive and taking the streets on their own, she was not able to, she had no driver’s license and that’s when she was seen as the ‘weirdo’, both Subject A and B had different responsibilities than just the normal chores. Subject B, while in high school worked because she was given the TPS, but she didn’t have the luxury to spend her pay check on herself, she was to send it to her mother back home in Nicaragua. She was starting to have ideas of wishing her mom would supply her financially instead of her, as she saw her teenage friends buy the trendiest clothes while she used thrift shopped clothing items. Subject B had a different experience than her younger sister besides everything, because she was older and was able to build a mother daughter relationship. In school Subject B would be bullied and sometimes harassed, what she saw as jokes because of her lack of understanding for the English language were actually meant as hurtful remarks, which lead her to become insecure about herself and her life. Subject A saw it as betrayal from her mother’s side, and she would have wished her mom was there to experience her first date, prom and several other high school milestones. Not only that but she was rejected from several colleges and universities because she was an undocumented immigrant. She grew frustrated, because she was brought up into a family that saw education as the only thing the government or your peers can’t take away from you, so she was always the top of her class, graduating with a 3. 97 GPA. Just to know that all those study halls, sleepless nights, and put down hangouts with her friends were in the end worth nothing. She was not able to qualify for scholarships, as a legal immigrant would be granted with the grades she acquired. Because of her situation she was charged as an international student, when her life was very well seen as the ‘American’ one. As she saw she had no hopes in enrolling into her dream university she entered a technical school, Robert P. Morgan. She was able to study in there for a few months as a business administrator for a few semesters because of the grants the government would gift certain community colleges to help man young adults in Subject A’s situation. She was later kicked out of the school because of the many budget cuts. Subject A felt as if her hands were tied to her back and she could not do anything to further her future, while she saw her friends and family move on with their lives. Her dreams were shuttered and many doors were closed in her face until they government would pass a bill aiding many illegal young adults in the education aspect of life, which in the 90’s it was not even thought of. As a result they both look back on their experience and are thankful for it. They have grown from it to become independent. Subject A has now been eligible for a driver’s license, id, and work permit because of the Dream Act, thanks to the endless protests and inspiring words of illegal high school and college students along with their teachers, mentors and peers. Once she is done with the lengthened process she will finish school, and hopefully in the near future will open a business that will give kids a helping hand, if it is only by giving them a shoulder to lean on o someone to talk to. As when she was growing up, her community discriminated against ‘aliens’. She would like to show them and lead them through different routes other than the one which many teenagers fall into; ingesting drugs, theft. Subject B did not have as many struggles as Subject A, she was able to wok a well paying job, and did not have to use public transportation everyday to get to and from work. She is now a single parent attending school to acquire her master’s degree in business administration, with a six year old attending kindergarten, which she is proud to know she can share her story with when he reaches and understandable age. Both subject and Subject B are strong believers of the idea that even though adults are not granted a legal life in the United States, illegal children should be. Because by denying them a legal status in this country you are shutting down possible opportunities of them ever having a proper education, a well paying job, and the future they deserve, not only because children are the future for this world but because they do not decide how they are going to live at the age of six. In other cases, parents are the ones who struggle financially and emotionally. Many are willing to leave their families in stable hands to come to the United States crossing borders in dark nights where the only light seen is the moonlight, just to make sure food is being placed every night and day at the dining table, and that their children have clothes to put on their backs. Many adults face discrimination when it comes to jobs, they are given low wages because many employers are aware that their employees are desperate for a job. Furthermore they are faced with abuse and harassment, which many are scared of the consequences if they report their employers, so they tolerate the mistreatment. Others go to sleep with regrets, thinking that maybe if they would have waited they could have found better opportunities, selling illegal drugs at a local corner they would have made it out better. Not only do they face hardships once they have been ‘settles down’ but also while they are crossing borders, many immigrants running away from patrols during their crossings are beaten with batons, fists or even their feet. Others are being tortured in their jail cells by being denied water or food, and many times they are sexually abused by border patrols (immigration opposing viewpoints pg 130-131). Usually the local residents of Arizona and Texas which tend to be Native Americans or anti- immigration citizens do not agree with the ‘felony’, but even though they have committed a crime by chasing the ‘American dream’ they have heard so much about, in an illegal way because it was their only option since all their other doors have been closed, they should not be treated like animals (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131). They have not taken a life away from the earth; they are only on a search for a better life. Many local residents decide to take matter into their hands and go ‘immigrant hunting’ as a recreational activity, which consists of gong late at night searching for immigrants crossing the border which they can target with their rifles (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131). Many of the patrol officers are thankful for all the ‘help’ the residents of the area have given them (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 130-131) Many American citizens tend to see immigration as nothing but a disgrace to this Country. But there are others that strongly disagree. Illegal Immigrants revamp the economy by adding an extra 50 billion dollars of federal income taxes to the economy in the years of 1993 to 2003 (procon. org par. 11). A lot of citizens believe that by abolishing and making several laws to remove illegal immigrants out of this country will only make it better, but by several researches it has been proved that it will only make it worse, annually aliens contribute about 625 billion dollars, in sales tax, home rents, and utility payments (scholastic magazine par. 8). Usually the government just brings new technology to replace several problems in society but this is one is irreplaceable. Americans have to big of an ego to do jobs like clean toilets, work in construction or coal mines, all the work the call ‘scum work’, and these types of jobs are necessary, and illegal immigrants are willing to do it without complaints. Even though there are good amount of aliens that did not obtain doctorate degrees, much less are wealthy, but they do have patience, gratitude and most of all common sense, which gets the work that is looked down upon done. Many media circuits tend to believe that illegal immigrants do nothing but bring down the wages of American citizens, many are yet to be proved right. There are several statistics to prove that this is just false, also as logic and common sense when one gets a hold of something better they will not let go, they will fight for it. Some do receive low wages because they are forced to, but they will not go down without a fight. It might be hard to gain raises for them, but as they have been grown up to believe they will not give up. Sometimes America tends to forget that to empower their economy they need cheap labor. Not only that, but if you were to be unemployed all the aliens, there would still be more than 1. 4 million jobs opened, which cannot be left untaken. There are 8. 1 million illegal immigrants and 7. 5 million unemployed Americans (Houston chronicle 2008). Even if they were to build the highest walls, cannot deny that they need them, the market is talking (Houston chronicle 2008). Employers, men of affairs and industry leaders say immigrants are not a curse they are a blessing. They are still needed for industrial and commercial development, and credit should be given to them for the art they are playing in American industries. Consequently, they should be able to receive certain benefits and be able to use their gaining’s freely, even though many American that live in the immigration zone can say otherwise, it is only common sense to have equality (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 83). The idea of having open borders throughout the United States scares many, because it may open doors to terrorists and the ones who want to do harm. The rate of illegal immigration is increasing rapidly, which may cause corruption, unless immigrants keep in touch with the technology and ideas of the government (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 31). The problem seems to be keeping the wrong people out and not letting too many people in (pg. 174), that’s when the idea of putting up a wall seems comforting. â€Å"Immigrants come here to realize the American dream; terrorists come to destroy it† (pg. 174). Terrorists come from all over the world to cause harm to those living in peace, and because of the tragic event that occurred on September 11, it has ruined many opportunities of a bill passing that will legalize illegal aliens. The best thing to do is to allow immigrants into this country but stronger restrictions should come into play, that way the welfare status of the country is safe from fraud (pg. 31-41). By adding regulations it offers all (immigrants and non-immigrants) a comfortable way of living (pg. 31-41). Because certain events have given immigrants a bad representation, they are not welcomed, and the government thinks they have found a solution to their problem by building a wall keeping all the ‘unwanted’ out. The border would cost about 1. 2 million dollars per mile for it to come to life. The wall will have an annual cycle of 25 years, which will cost anywhere from 1. 64 to 70 million dollars to keep it standing (procon. org little did you know? ). Much of this money will come from taxpayers who include teachers, small business owners, and many employees with low income wages. Money will be taken out from their already invisible paycheck to set up a barrier for people who are trying to give a better life to their family by working. As seen to millions of dollars will be needed to withhold the ‘wall’ so many people are willing to put up, and these people are known to be big business owners, the ones that are well off, who don’t mind to pay for something with that high of the cost but they tend to forget about the ones that are already having a bad time as it is. Opening up the borders, will give an immense boost to the economy in the United States because of tourism, work and visitation, and as a result all the bad effects of illegal immigration will soon go away (Latino Americans and immigration laws 2006). The Idea of the U. S. being a melting pot has worn off and is now to be said it is a mosaic, because many newcomers and Natives prefer to keep their own heritages and to mix them than to give up on their traditions in order to adapt to the ‘normal American’ one (Latino Americans and immigration laws pg. 12-13). The United States of America has been known to have a foundation and to be a country of immigrants. Most seem to have been taught that the U. S. was first a British colony, when historians strongly disagree and state that â€Å"it is very clear that Spanish settlers were the first Europeans to have a colony permanently in North America† (pg. 34). Because the United States has been seen as a country of immigrants it is strange to many that there have been several disagreements on whether America should accept foreign born citizens (immigration opposing viewpoints pg. 69). Immigration from all over the world is what keeps the U. S. rowing, a regular American women has an average of 1. 93 children throughout her whole lf time with a replacement rate of 2. 1. With immigrants the U. S. population in 2050 would be 397 million without it would be 328 million. Without immigration illegal or legal the American population will shrink little by little (pg. 82-83). Denying immigrants contradicts the base this country was founded on; as a result we should extend the same welcome to them as our ancestors extended to us (pg. 139). Illegal immigrants should not be seen as harm to the United States; hence it mold society into a multicultural and prosperous country. Due to all the research there should be no doubt that immigration in general, is needed because of the mere fact that it revitalizes out cities, boosts our economy, adds an energizing culture and reinsures our basic values. If one was being persecuted because of basic right like religion and freedom of speech or equalities one should already have or just to chase the infamous ‘American dream’, would you like to be seen as criminal that has committed a felony for something anyone would do if they were to walk a mile in one of the citizens shoes that lives in a underdeveloped country? Several illegal immigrants have devoted their lives to this one country because they have hope for this country and their families, as a result they should be seen and be given equal rights especially those who have not committed any other crime than the one of entering this country illegally.

Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Children - 1377 Words

these children have never had a stable upbringing or positive parental influence in their life. Like drug and gun trafficking, it s an industry based on supply and demand, and every year traffickers generate billions of dollars by victimising millions of people. Traffickers use false promises of lucrative jobs, education or a loving relationship to entrap victims. Sometimes poor families are told that their children are being taken to work in garment factories, or even as models and that the family will benefit from remitted income. But in practice, recruiters often indebt their victims with hefty recruitment and travel fees, and take advantage of victims unfamiliarity with foreign laws and culture. Thus the commercial sexual exploitation of children offers traffickers increasingly large profits with lessening risk. With human life valued at an all-time low in many countries as populations increase, internet grants greater access to children and previously unattainable profits. Even small time traffickers now make big time money. As a result, drug dealers, gangs, and organised crime have been lured from traditional crime into the big business of human trafficking. To an increasing extent we find them dealing in children instead of guns or drugs. They value profits over human rights. Examples of human trafficking stories from different areas of the world from the US Department of State â€Å"Trafficking in Persons Report 2013†: Hawaii - United States Mauri was 16 yearsShow MoreRelatedEssay on Children Sexual Exploitation in Thailand 1316 Words   |  6 PagesPacific has defined child sexual abuse as: â€Å" Contacts or interactions between a child and an older or more knowledge child or adult ( a stranger, sibling or person in a position of authority, such as a parent or a caretaker) when the child is being used as an object of gratification for an older childs or adults sexual needs. These contacts or interactions are carried out against the child using force, trickery, bribes, threats or pressure.† 1 Child sexual exploitation includes a variety of activitiesRead MoreCombatting the Issue of Human Trafficking1294 Words   |  5 Pagesfor involvement in sex trafficking or commercial sexual exploitation, as they reclaim lives of choice. To raise community awareness about the issues of sex trafficking and the commercial sexual exploitation of children and to work diligently to end the exploitation and victimization of women and youth. To advocate with women and youth throughout the country to secure and provide resources for treatment and services for victims of sex trafficking and exploitation(Second Chance, 2014). This organizationRead MoreHuman Trafficking Within Cambodia A Problem1703 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping nation. Although they have reduced their extreme poverty rate, according to Cambodia’s country analysis, conducted by the Asian development bank, many Cambodian citizens only live slightly above the poverty line. The demand for cheap labor, commercial sex, domestic service increases because people do not want to pay the regulated wages (Aronowitz, p. 25). Why is determining the facts of human trafficking in Cambodia a problem? Research from many different sources suggest that the actual numberRead MoreHuman Trafficking And The United States1417 Words   |  6 Pagesindustry worldwide. Human Trafficking is the trade of humans mainly for sexual slavery, but also forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker and sometimes others who take part in this act. Human trafficking is also used for organs or tissues, including surrogacy, ova removal, or making these victims spouses for traffickers or their customers. Human trafficking is defined as a sex trafficking in which a commercial sex act induced by force (isolation and confinement to the brothel:Read MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Grave Crime And A Serious Violation Of Human Rights1555 Words   |  7 Pageswell as abuse of power or vulnerability position (Segrave 2). Human trafficking is a grave crime and a serious violation of human rights as it involves a broad range of human exploitations, including forced labor, sexual exploitation, slavery practices, as well as servitude acts (Arhin 78). Several women, men, and children fall into the traffickers hands both in their countries and abroad. In fact , almost every world s country is affected by acts of human trafficking, either as a country of originRead MoreHuman Trafficking in China Essay2237 Words   |  9 Pagesorganizations (NGO) are taking measures to put an end to it. Human trafficking involves exploitation of human beings; either sexually or by coercing them to work in unfavourable conditions for little pay or nothing at all. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) defines human trafficking as â€Å"the acquisition of people by improper means such as force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them.† Women and children, especially girls between the ages of fourteen and twenty constitute the majorityRead MoreChild Pornography And Child Trafficking Essay1197 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion children in Thailand under the age of 18, which includes homeless children, runaway children, children who live in poverty, or children who have a disability SOS CHILDREN. The estimated number of children in commercial sexual exploitation today in Thailand varies from 600,000 to 800,000 SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. More than 80% of these victims are women and girls, and 70% of them are forced into sexual servitude SEX TRAFFICKING BOOK. When a person obtains children for the purpose of sexual exploitationRead MoreSocial Teaching : Convictions And Connections By Russell Connors2202 Words   |  9 PagesReader, 2011) From the article entitled The Feminist Critique – Four Questions for Theorizing across Disciplines by Cecilia Konchar Farr (Catherine Core Reader, 2011) Women and children who are being sexually exploited are often found in the urban areas of Thailand, but even rural areas have a share of commercial sex workers (Lau, June 2008). The Thai society is extremely male dominated as men are considered superior to women and hold the government and societal power (Vejar Quach, May 2013)Read MoreThe Carlson Company : A Global Marketing, Travel, And Hospitality Company1005 Words   |  5 Pagesof the Carlson Company, signed the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism. This is a global project that allows Carlson Company and nongovernmental organizations to prevent children sex trafficking and prostitution at a tourist destination. After the signing of the project, Carlson Company created policies that will fight against commercial sexual exploitation of children. One of the policies is to train Carlson Company’s workers to identify potentialRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography on Sex Tra fficking833 Words   |  4 PagesKotrla, K., Wommack, B. A. (2011). Sex Trafficking of Minors in the U.S.: Implications for Policy, Prevention and Research. Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk: Vol. 2 (Iss. 1), article 5. Retrieved from: http://digitalcommons.library.tmc.edu/childrenatrisk/vol2/iss1/5/ This journal article examines the issue of minor sex trafficking in the U.S and provides the reader with the results of the research that was conducted on the matter at hand. A data

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1466 Words

It was to late before I heard the sirens. I heard cars pull into the drive way into our new tent. I took a quick peek out the window. The immigration police were here! I ushered my family out the back door but it was to late. I showed them my ID and he moved to Rorra, whom didn t have one. He directed her to the car but Mama stepped in front of him holden hew brass pan. Move aside woman. the officer said gruffly. No! You can t take our children! Quick run to Chihiro! She was a fellow farmer from Japan whom we d helped in the past. Rorro just stood there and quivered. The officer raised his gun and pulled the trigger. Mama s eyes widened in surprise and she staggered backwards and hit the ground with a thud. The†¦show more content†¦The man tried to lift the crate and it slowly slid over and he started muttering to himself. What the -creak- is in here? I couldn t hear what he said because of the crate creaking but I had a few colorful guesses. They eventually slid/lifted the crate onto a cart and rolled me away. I heard the voices drift if and a door slam. I lifted the tarp and the room was devoid of human life but full of other boxes. I heard a strange flowing sound. I noticed a rolled up piece of paper on the floor. I unrolled it and found a map. I was never taught how to read but I knew where Mexico was and California was just above it. I than noticed a circle around part of an island. I searched the box and found a label that I assumed said United Kingdom. I started searching the map and muttered to myself. Okay, first theres the one that looks like a bowl than an upside down bowl. I searched until I found several words with the same symbol. Next is the stick with the dot, the cross and than the curly thing. There was only one place that had those letters. And it was a far ways away. I than realized what the strange sound was. I was in the pacific ocean. No, this can t be happening. I muttered. I heard the door s unoiled hinges squeal. Is there some one in there! some one shouted from outside. I could hide again but the label I pealed off and map would still be there. I quickly scanned the room and foundShow MoreRelatedDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1110 Words   |  5 PagesI don’t know how I got to where I am, but I’m here now, and I have to win if I want to live. I am in a game, and in order to live, I have to escape. That’s the thing, though: I don’t know how to escape. I was running for my life around this old house that looked like it came straight out of a horror movie. I doubled over and held my head in pain as I saw the static, which meant it was coming. I was being chased by what looked like a person but in no way acted like one. Just as it was about to appearRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1102 Words   |  5 PagesIt is on days like this when we stop to think about our life. Small drops of rain begin to dapple the cobblestone pavement as people whip out their umbrellas for cover. I continue sauntering down the busy street, relishing the feeling of a light shower. Moving with the mass of pedestrians, I stop at a crosswalk where I wait for the stoplight to turn green. A flower shop employee across the street scurries to bring in the numerous bouquets and close the doors as rain starts rolling down the displayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing914 Words   |  4 PagesDreamy I thought. Standing on the corner is a young guy with a smile. I see him here almost every day, so I linger for a while. He tells me his name, and I tell him mine. I m Ester, what s your name? I enquired. My names David .,He replied. We end up talking for a while and I asked him if he had ever left this city. He tells me of all these stories of the places where he s been, the distant lakes and mountains, and in valleys oh so green. I can see it in his eyes, he really has beenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing974 Words   |  4 Pages I was used to moving round, having a mother who liked to travel more than making roots was something I had gotten used to. Still, I had never gotten used to the loneliness of an empty house when she was out exploring, or the feeling of leaving behind someone who could have meant something to me. Our most recent move was Oregon. It was pretty, and I didn’t mind it, but it was much different than Florida. Not only was it opposite sides of the country, it felt as if it were opposite worlds. InRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1012 Words   |  5 Pageshave plenty of time in the next month to think about my feeling in regards to Kendrick. I needed to finish up the article and get it off to my editor. I should be able to get it done by tonight and send an email in the morning. I was thinking of writing my next article about the sea life around the Scottish coast. Since our salmon dinner last evening I thought I would do a piece about the commercial salmon farming that began in Scotland in 1969. In 2002 over 145,000 metric tons of farmed AtlanticRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1561 Words   |  7 PagesThere’s something I need to say and what follows may not be something that you’d expect, it won’t be heartening or uplifting. If you remember today, I told you about going somewhere I wanted to go to†¦ I’m not sure if you believed and accepted what I now confess as untrue; it is partly. I needed to pull away emo tionally†¦ from you. You must have had fathomed that some degree of formality had seeped between us. Born of habit, formulaic greetings had become a routine. You presume that I’m a close friendRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1387 Words   |  6 PagesI was wearing a beautiful blue dress with sapphire gems all around the chest area as I entered the ball with Ciel and Sebastian. I took a good look around here, the hallway was lined with gold. There was a servant ready to escort us to the ball room. Hello, come this way. He said, walking forward. Wow, this place is so fancy! I exclaimed, looking around. It s fake gold. Ciel bluntly replied, bringing my hopes down. I sighed. Ciel sounded like he wasn t in a very good mood. Ciel, lightenRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1287 Words   |  6 Pages In the morning, Caireann woke me up. She stood above my bed, shaking my shoulder. I opened my eyes, looking at her. Then I looked across the room to her empty bed. Andy s empty bed sat in the corner. I swallowed, climbing out of bed. Sleep well? Caireann asked me, starting out the door. Yeah, I said, going over to our small dresser. I had the bottom two drawers. Andy had the middle two, and Caireann had the top. I pulled open the drawers, pulling on a colorful tank top and a grayRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1345 Words   |  6 PagesLater that night, I was behind the wheel of my G-Wagon with Melissa in the passenger seat. She didn’t feel like driving since she was on the road all day and I understood so I didn’t mind when she asked me to. I had been tight-lipped. She kept eyeballing me as if she detected that something was bothering me but I just kept singing to my India Arie as if I was carefree. â€Å"So are you going to tell me what’s going on or no† Melissa said disrupting my own personal concert. I stopped singing and tookRead MoreDescriptive Essay - Original Writing1085 Words   |  5 PagesI WAS SITTING IN a taxi, wondering if I had overdressed for the evening, when I looked out the window and saw Mom rooting through a Dumpster. It was just after dark. A blustery March wind whipped the steam coming out of the manholes, and people hurried along the sidewalks with their collars turned up. I was stuck in traffic two blocks from the party where I was heading. Mom stood fifteen feet away. She had tied rags around her shoulders to keep out the spring chill and was picking through the trash

Mrs Mallards Experience of Freedom in The Story of an...

Mrs Mallards Experience of Freedom in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin In The Story of an Hour, Mrs Mallard, who has a heart attack is the main protagonist. Like any ordinary women, she is a normal housewife who depends on her husband. The news of her husbands death gives her freedom and sets her free from restraints, marriage and a lifetime of dependency. Kate Chopin uses several techniques to create the image of how freedom affects Mrs Mallard. At first, Mrs Mallard is shocked by the news which is shown in She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sisters arms. and When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone. These†¦show more content†¦She also uses dull stare and not a glance of reflection to show that Mrs Mallard is very confused and blanked. These construct a vexed and completely inanimate atmosphere which is also uttered in a suspension of intelligent thought. This suggests that she is feeling puzzled and stupefied. Although Mrs Mallard is shocked, she actually feels happy at the news. It is shown in Facing the open window, a comfortable, roomy armchair and She could see in the open square before her house the tops of the trees were all aquiver with the new spring life. These reflect that Mrs Mallards new world is widened and burst with vitality. Words like open window, comfortable, roomy armchair and open square repeat the impression of openness which creates a spreading image. New spring life symbolises vigour and delicious breath of rain was in the air symbolised freshness which reflect that the new life is brand new and worth rejoicing. These build up a lusty mood to describe freedom is spreading and filling Mrs Mallards life with spirits. In the meantime, Chopin uses crying his wares, distant song which some one was singing... and countless sparrows were twittering in the eaves to display the new kind of life is spacious and free in which people can cry and sing loud that even a note from the distance can be heard.Show MoreRelatedKate Chopin The Story Of An Hour Analysis1137 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the aut hor tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death but comes to find pleasure in it. The elements Kate Chopin uses in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. In less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage through many different forms of symbolism such as the openRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead More The Diffe rences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Free! Body and soul free!, Mrs. Mallard kept whispering. One persons ultimate freedom may be seen as a tragedy to another. Kate Chopin illustrates this idea in The Story of an Hour. The story is set in the nineteenth century. Chopin uses the death of Mr. Mallard to show the reader Mrs. Mallards deep feelings. In the story, Josephine and Mrs. Mallard are sisters. Although the women come from the sameRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour Symbolism Essay1089 Words   |  5 Pages The Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin, is a wonderful short story filled with many different peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to find joy in it. Many of the things Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates deeper meanings through many different forms of symbolismRead MoreK ate Chopin The Story of an Hour Critical Analysis Essay1377 Words   |  6 Pages2012 Self-Identity, Freedom, and Death in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† The story of an hour by Kate Chopin introduces us to Mrs. Mallard as she reacts to her husband’s death. In this short story, Chopin portrays the complexity of Mrs. Mallard’s emotions as she is saddened yet joyful of her loss. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† argues that an individual discover their self-identity only after being freed from confinement. The story also argues that freedom is a very powerful forceRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin, is a protofeminist short story that contains emotional twists and turns of irony and tragedy in just an hour. Kate Chopin displays the dynamic between men and women in relationships during the nineteenth century as this story was written in 1894. The story begins with the main protagonist, Mrs. Mallard, who is introduced to us by the heart problem she has. Her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards, are with M rs. Mallard to inform her with cautionRead MoreThe Quest For Freedom In The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin713 Words   |  3 PagesFreedom â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!†(paragraph 14) says Louise, a character in â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin. Louise continues to repeat this phrase as she believes that her husband is now dead. She is a free woman who may now partake in whatever her heart desires. Usually when a woman becomes a widow she is filled with grief and sadness. Yet, Louise demonstrates otherwise. She is hit with a great amount of freedom rather than the common loneliness a widow experiences. In death, a person’sRead MoreThe Concept of Epiphany in Kate Chopins Story of an Hour1262 Words   |  5 Pagesmanifestation of understanding, and in the Story of an Hour, by Kate Chopin, a woman experienced an epiphany that ultimately had tragic results. The tragedy was foreshadowed in the first line when the narrator informed the reader of Mrs. Mallards heart trouble and the problems it could bring when informing her of her husbands death. But instead of being the cause of tremendous so rrow, the death of her husband brought about a sudden realization of the freedom she would now have because she is no longerRead MoreTheme Of Independence In The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1087 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom and Independence for All Kate Chopin is the author of many short-stories and novels. Her short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† is about a woman named Mrs. Louise Mallard with a fragile heart that suddenly and unexpectedly loses her husband in a train accident. Throughout the story, Mrs. Mallard learns to embrace the accident because for her it meant she finally obtained freedom from her demanding life that she has been wanting to break away from. Freedom and independence is one of the themesRead MoreThe Story of an Hour Essay860 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour By Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin describes the thoughts and feelings that are depicted in a single hour of the life of Louise Mallard after hearing that her husband has been killed in a railroad accident. As the story begins we are told that Mrs. Mallard is afflicted with a heart condition so the news of her husbands death is broken to her gently by her sister. Mrs. Mallards initial reaction, upon hearing of her husbands death

Toyota Swot Analysis 2015 Marketing Strategies

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to Marketing for Toyota SWOT Analysis. Answer: Internal Factors Strengths Toyota is considered as a leader in manufacturing and production industry. The company enhances its profitability by taking into consideration effective manufacturing approaches like total quality management. It is one of the first movers in the field of car research and development. It has a strong international position in 170 countries globally. The industry has a good brand image in the market that is based on quality and also it carries a customized range of products. The company has an excellent penetration in the markets like US and china and it is the second largest car manufacturer globally. As the company carries a good brand image in the market, it is easy to achieve the goals and objectives. The company has a good workforce that is a great advantage to expand its operations in an effective manner (Elnaga and Imran, 2014). Weaknesses Every organization carries some weakness. By taking into consideration the Toyota industry it is seen that the production of the cars are done in US and Japan. The Japanese car manufacturing has a very less profitability that gives direct reflection of the financial segment of the organization. The company gives post-retirement benefits to its employees by which the extra expense arises on the company. By manufacturing the product in US and Japan it is analyzed that company suffers from an economic and political condition of the country that gives direct impact on the operations of the organization (Debnath, 2015).So, company is trying to enter into the new market by considering all these factors. Due to enhancement in the fluctuation rate related with exchange the sales are affected of the company. The competitors avail the advantage of the locations where the company is not present to conduct its manufacturing operations. In many cases the dealer moves away from the principles and actions that give negative outcome and enhances the complaints from the customers (Moeuf, Tamayo, Lamouri, Pellerin and Lelievre, 2016). External Opportunities Opportunities are many in the market, but the right step is needed by the company to attain the opportunities that are prevailing in the market. Due to an increase in the gas prices of the hybrid cars the product of the company is now preferred more by the consumers. The latest technology that is adopted by the company also helps to attain new techniques related with efficiency of fuel system. The company gives main focus on the youth market by launching special and attractive models like Aygo which is one of the most popular convertible cars liked by the youth. The company also developed new cars which are beneficial for the customer in term of fuel efficiency and also that gives less impact on the environment. The expansion is taken into consideration by the company in which the new segments are introduced in the market by the company. In the merging market the company attained global expansion that has given positive impact on the working pattern. The taste of the client keep on c hanging, so the company should give main focus on attracting the customers towards the organization, so that the profitability can be enhanced in a proper manner (Sisson and Elshennawy, 2015). Threats Due to the decrease in the economic condition of the world and the competition in the market has enhanced the threats for the company. The company faces high level of competition in the market. To compete in the market the company should adopt effective marketing strategies so that the goals and objectives can be attained in an effective manner. The company faced decrease in the economies related with US and Europe. The economic factors are considered as a main threat to the organization. Due to exchange fluctuation rate it is seen that the raw material and profit cost is affected. The company faces a threat from the companies like Honda (Jayamaha, Wagner, Grigg, Campbell-Allen and Harvie, 2014).To compete in the market the company has taken into consideration the cost of steel and also the raw material that has impacted the cutting cost of production and manufacturing without affecting the quality of the products. The main threat is also related with change in the demographics patte rn like large families are reducing so the demands for the large family cars are also reducing. The price of the oil or the cost incurred in maintaining the cars is also increased. Also there are many families who adopted the decision of not purchasing a car or decided to use the car on special occasion. So, to minimize the threats the proper strategies should be taken into consideration by the company, so that the goals and objectives can be attained (Jeong and Ko, 2016). References Elnaga, A.A. and Imran, A., 2014. The impact of employee empowerment on job satisfaction: theoretical study.American journal of research communication,2(1), pp.13-26. Debnath, S.C., 2015. Environmental regulations become restriction or a cause for innovationa case study of Toyota Prius and Nissan Leaf.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,195, pp.324-333. Moeuf, A., Tamayo, S., Lamouri, S., Pellerin, R. and Lelievre, A., 2016. Strengths and weaknesses of small and medium sized enterprises regarding the implementation of lean manufacturing.IFAC-PapersOnLine,49(12), pp.71-76. Jeong, H.J. and Ko, Y., 2016. Configuring an alliance portfolio for eco-friendly innovation in the car industry: Hyundai and Toyota.Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity,2(1), p.24. Sisson, J. and Elshennawy, A., 2015. Achieving success with Lean: An analysis of key factors in Lean transformation at Toyota and beyond.International Journal of Lean six sigma,6(3), pp.263-280. Jayamaha, N.P., Wagner, J.P., Grigg, N.P., Campbell-Allen, N.M. and Harvie, W., 2014. Testing a theoretical model underlying the Toyota Wayan empirical study involving a large global sample of Toyota facilities.International Journal of Production Research,52(14), pp.4332-4350.