Battle Royal

Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally. Battle Royal Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally. Battle Royal Battle Royal Ralph Ellison begins the short story, â€Å"Battle Royal†, in some what of a state of confusion. The nameless narrator informs the reader that he has been essentially lost in the early twenty years of his life. The narrator’s grandfather adds to his confusion and the overall purpose of the story. While on his death bed, the grandfather claims to be a traitor and a spy. He charges his family to â€Å"overcome ‘em with yesesâ€Å"(258, paragraph 2) and â€Å"undermine ‘em with grins†(258, paragraph 2) as he lays preparing for death. A point that the narrator subconsciously internalized, the reader sees through the series of actions and point of view of the narrator the use of role playing among blacks. For if this method is followed, blacks are able to refuse internally to accept second class status, protect their own self respect, and avoid betraying themselves or each other. The grandfather’s words had a tremendous effect on the psyche of the narrator. Almost like a puzzle that couldn’t be solved that lay in the back of his mind. At points he found his self resenting his grandfather’s words regardless of the success he obtained. In spite of this, he still could see his self through his actions carrying out his grandfather’s advice of meekness and humility towards the white man. On the narrator’s graduation day he delivered a speech which showed that â€Å"humility was the secret, indeed, the very essence of progress. †(248, paragraph 3). For this speech, he gained praise from the white men of the town, because he exhibited the attitude that the white man thought to be â€Å"desirable conduct†(248, paragraph 3). He was then invited to give the speech on behalf of the town’s leading officials. Ellison uses the example of the narrator’s speech of humility to show that the white man in that time period can be manipulated. The narrator conveys humbleness in his speech to the white man, without showing any idea of equality to him. In return, the narrator is rewarded and invited to give his speech among more â€Å"white men†. This being an achievement that the socially conscious black man pushing for equality would have never accomplished during this time period. Upon arrival at the town meeting to give his speech he quickly realizes that it is not exactly what he had been expecting. He was then convinced or almost forced to participate in a Battle Royal amongst other black males who were not there to give any type of speech. The Battle Royal included several acts of self degradation towards the narrator and other black males. Through these actions we can see that the white men saw blacks as animals, and that the narrator was no different. Regardless of whether he was there for a speech or not, he was still forced to participate. In this way the white men showed their superior attitude towards the black males, the attitude that his grandfather taught him how to overcome with humility. As Ellison points out by saying, â€Å"They were tough guys who seemed to have no grandfather’s curse worrying their minds†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. In those pre-invisible days I visualized myself as a potential Booker T. Washington†(248- 249, paragraph 4). The narrator not only shows humility in his speech but also through the scenes that take place in Battle Royal. He keeps the thought of his grandfather’s words at the fore front of his mind, as he goes through the harsh acts forced upon him by the white men during the battle royal, in hopes of giving his speech. In fact, the narrator was abused brutally both mentally and physically to the point where he could barely stand. Yet he still was persistent in wanting to give his speech. Ellison in this scene shows how blacks must be strong minded and willing to become completely humble in the eyes of the white man in order for the method to work. After the battle royal, the narrator was finally able to give his speech among the white men. Notably, after he was already dismissed with the other black males and then told to come back. The narrator relishes at the thought of giving his speech and begins to speak amongst the white men. It was not until his mouth began to dry and fill up with blood from his wounds, that he realized the white men were still laughing and talking. With thoughts of giving up and leaving in his head, he decided to continue with his speech. As he proceeded, the white men yelled for him to repeat words that were of three or more syllables, mocking him. He made a mistake and yelled social equality as the white men taunted him. The white men quickly put him in his place. Once the narrator was finished, he was presented with a briefcase and scholarship to a negro college. The scene of the final speech demonstrated how even though the white men did not respect him they still granted him with a briefcase and a scholarship. They did this because he exhibited once again humility towards them, making them feel superior. The second he mentioned the word â€Å"equality† he was quickly corrected, for they did not believe blacks and whites could be equal. By showing humbleness, the nameless nar rator gained exactly what he wanted from the white man without pushing for equality externally but internally.

Literature Review of Grading System

Please read: a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales Read now Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mount Kenya University) Jump to: navigation, search | This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (January 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. [show]| This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) | Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a private university in Thika Kenya. The idea behind the establishment of the University dates back to 1996 when the precursor of the University, the Thika Institute of Technology was founded as a Computer Outreach Program.At this point in time in Kenyan history, the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) both Mobile Telepho ny and Computer Technology had started gaining an upward momentum in rural and urban centres. In the year 2000, the Institute developed into a commercial college offering management and computer training programmes. Later in the year the Ministry of Education Science and Technology recognized the institute as a full fledged institution of higher learning and granted it a full registration approval.In order to remain relevant with the training needs of the society, the institute initiated training programmes in the fields of paramedical, Information Technology, and Business and Entrepreneurship education in the year 2002. In the year 2005 the Institute became the 1st private institution in Kenya to be allowed to train Pharmaceutical Technologists by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Ministry of Health. In the year 2006 the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) validated and pproved the institute's request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both Diploma and Degree programmes. T he Institute continued to work closely with the Commission for Higher Education in line with the stipulated guidelines for establishing a privately funded university. After fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the Commission for Higher Education issued MKU with the authority to establish a full fledged privately funded university with Thika Institute of Technology as its precursor/forerunner. citation needed] External links * Kenya University List * Mt Kenya University Official Website [hide] * v * t * eKenyan universities| | | | | | Public universities| * University of Nairobi * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology * Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology| | | | | | Private universities| * United States International University (USIU – Africa) * Catholic University of Eastern Afri ca(CUEA) * University of Eastern Africa,Baraton * Daystar University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Women’s University of Science and Technology * Mount Kenya University * Pan Africa Christian University * Kenya Methodist University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * Great Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of East Africa * St.Paul's University * KCA University * Africa International University| | | Coordinates: 1 °02? 43? S 37 °04? 51? E View page ratings Rate this page What's this? Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Categories: * Universities and colleges in Kenya * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export * This page was last modified on 3 July 2012 at 11:09. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

Impact in Bangladesh’s Economy After the Budget of Export Import

Assignment On Impact in Bangladesh’s economy after the Budget of Export Import on Food and Garments Course Name: Financial Management Course Code: Bus-302 Section- 01 Submitted To Sumaiya Zaman Lecturer & Co- Ordinator ULAB School of Business Submitted By Tamim Hossain Turjo Id. 092011100 Md. Masud Rana Id. 092011084 Sony Saha Id. 092011090 Mst. Tazmina Afrin Nipu Id. 092011096 Atiker Nesa Chowdhury Id. 093011101 University of Liberal Arts BangladeshDate Of Submission: 18-08-2011 INTRODUCTION The national budget of FY2011-12 has been announced at the midpoint of the present government’s five years occupancy, spoiled by challenges to maintain the balances and the achievement of the targets for which it was voted to power. The current situation of macroeconomic balances, particularly triggered by instability of prices and contractionary financial policies, may be further pressurized by the possibility of fiscal compress.These developments of maintaining the balances may p ut the government on the edge of achieving the target of growth, recovery from lethargic improvement in poverty improvement and the reversing the rising trend of inequality. The investment scenario is yet to take the desired path, particularly being underpinned by high interest rate, low FDI inflow, acute power crisis, poor governance, and political instability. The inflationary pressure has been mounting at a rising rate mostly through food inflation in the country.Furthermore, higher trade deficit and the stagnated remittance inflow are putting pressure on the balance of payment situation. The financial space squeeze has emerged by growing burden of financial support requirements especially to the power and energy sector driven by the government to finance the private generators and the global fuel price hike. The limitation of fiscal space might make it difficult for the government to seek remedy to refreshment required for revamping the economy.In addition to that, IMF’s loan with unsuitable conditionality might create severe pressure on the overall macroeconomic strength as well as attaining the targeted growth path. The government might face extraordinary challenges to reach the growth target as quoted in the budget document of FY2011-12 due to the lack of supporting base in the overall economy of Bangladesh. The fiscal space squeeze and IMFs conditions for accessing one billion dollar loan to Bangladesh might also cover the way for increasing different types of inequality; such as – geographical inequality, income inequality and social inequality in the country.Moreover, macroeconomic correlates will be further stressed due to the mounting public debt. The cost of public debt has turned out to be a major concern attributing to the rise in interest rate and a depreciating exchange rate. The government is facing difficulty in debt financing caused by the squeezing of financial space. It is necessary to mention here that if debt financing is to be met by borrowing from the central bank, it would create inflationary pressure; on the other hand, if it is met by borrowing from the commercial banks, there is a possibility of crowding out the private investment.Therefore, debt financing and its management is a critical issue for the present government that needs to be dealt skillfully. In the budget of FY2011-12, the government’s financial strategy should have emphasized the need for maintaining the overall macroeconomic stability as well as fiscal sustainability. Moreover, the government ought to boost the investment through infrastructural development in order to achieve the targeted growth as well as to eradicate poverty and inequality. Budget of 2009-2010 1. Slow down in export growth with some sectors in negative territory: The export growth during July-March period in 2009-2010 stood at 14. percent which was 12. 4 percent during the corresponding period of the year 2008. During this period, RMG sector registered a growth of 19. 9 percent of which the share of woven garments was 18. 4 percent and that of knitwear 21. 4 percent. Frozen foods on the other hand registered negative growth. 2. Export growth may decline to 12 percent: It is in this context that the export growth will moderate in the last quarter of year 2009-2010. As a result, there is a downward projection of export growth to 12 percent in the year 2009-2010. This was 15. 9 percent in the previous year. 3.Decline in import growth projected: About 80 percent of Bangladesh’s imports constitute essential commodities, a large part of which are raw and intermediate materials for industrial production. In the first nine months of the year 2009-2010, import growth registered a decline to 12. 4 percent from 23. 9 percent during the corresponding period of the year 2009-2010. This is attributable to the sudden fall of fuel price and the prices of other commodities. 4. Zero-rate tax will continue for major food items and fertilizer s: We have no alternatives to increasing agricultural production to attain food autarky.Our government has declared agriculture as the top priority sector. Proposal of continue with the zero tariff on imports of fertilizer, seeds and major food grains along with medicine and raw cotton. Proposal to withdraw VAT on the imports of raw materials to produce pesticides to keep pesticides easily available for farmers. To offer protection to the local dairy industry, propose to impose 5% regulatory duty in addition to 12% customs duty on milk powder imported in bulk. 5. Import of milk based food preparations (HS Code 1901. 90. 10) in bulk is subject to 20% supplementary duty.As there is no difference in duty structure between locally packed products and products packed outside, the local packaging industries are affected. Propose to withdraw 20% supplementary duty on the import of this item in bulk. Budget Of 2010-2011 1. Export: While export of commodities and services had shrunk by 20. 4 percent globally due to economic downturn in 2009, Bangladesh managed to achieve a 10. 3 percent growth in export. This is obviously a commendable achievement for Bangladesh. . Due to the global recession, export earnings have increased by only 1 percent during July- April of FY2009-10.It is to be noted that export earnings are on the rise since March 2010 and in April this has increased by 19 percent. Optimistic that this trend will continue in the remaining months of current financial year as well as in the coming fiscal year. 2. Import: Due to recession, prices of commodities in global market as well as volume of imports have declined. While imports shrank by 12 percent in the developed countries and by 8. 4 percent in the emerging and developing economies, import growth of Bangladesh stood at 4. 1 percent in 2008-09.In the first ten months i. e. up to April of FY2009-10, import expenditure has increased by 0. 8 percent compared to the corresponding period of the previous financ ial year. Import has, however, increased by 24. 9 percent on the basis of L/Cs opened during July-April period. The good news is that the import of capital machineries and raw materials has increased by 54 percent and 12. 5 percent respectively on the basis of L/C opened during this period which will have a positive impact on the economy in the near future. 3.With a view to keeping the prices within the reach of the general people. Propose to maintain the 0 percent customs duty rate on commodities like rice, wheat, onion, pulse. Considering the sudden exorbitant increase in the world price of milk powder. propose to reduce import duty from 12 percent to 5 percent and withdraw 5 percent regulatory duty on milk powder. 4. The specific rate of duty on raw sugar was withdrawn last year in response to the sudden price hike of sugar at the world market. However, due to a good crop this year, its world price has gone down.Therefore, to ensure higher revenue collection to meet government's developmental needs, propose to impose specific rate of duty on raw sugar and refined sugar at the rate of Tk. 2,000 and Tk. 4,000 per metric ton respectively. Budget Of 2011-2012 Indicators| Unit/Growth Rate| 2009-10(Real)| 2010-11(July-April)| 2010-11(Provisional)| 2011-12(Projected)| Export| Billion US$Growth (%)| 16. 2(4. 1)| 18. 2(40. 9)| 22. 4(38. 0)| 25. 7(14. 5)| Import| Billion US$Growth (%)| 23. 7(5. 5)| 27. 5(41. 4)| 31. 0(45. 0)| 35. 4(14. 0)| 1. Export: With the rebound in global trade, Bangladesh's export is growing increasingly.During the July-April period of FY 2010-11, our export stood at US$ 18. 2 billion which is 40. 9 percent higher over the same period of the last fiscal. Efforts are underway to explore new markets and diversify exportable commodities. It is expected that export will exceed US$22. 4 billion in the current fiscal and this trend will continue in the next fiscal year as well. 2. Import Global imports of goods and services have also bounced back fro m the negative growth in the aftermath of the recession In FY 009-10, our import payments posted a growth of 5. percent. During the July-April period of the current fiscal, import picked up and grew by 41. 4 percent Around 80 percent of our imports are essential industrial commodities On the basis of Letter of Credit settlement, over the July April period of the current fiscal, imports of capital machinery and industrial raw materials recorded a growth of 43. 1 and 49. 8 percent respectively Growth of imports of capital machinery and industrial raw materials reflects the robustness in investment and the momentum created in our economy. 3.In order to keep the price of commodities within the reach of the people, I propose to maintain zero rate of import duty on rice, pulse, wheat, sugar, edible oil, onion, fertilizer, seeds, life saving medicine and cotton. Comparison Between Budget 2009-2010 to 2010-2011 1. Export: We see in FY 2009-2010export growth stood 14. 5% . It is better than the year 2008. In 2009-2010 FY RMG sector registered 19. 9%. But Frozen Foods is in Negative Growth. In the FY 2010-2011 export growth is increased by 19% from March to November and it can be running for rest of this FY.So we can say that In FY 2010-2011 Bangladesh manage to increase their Export growth. It can be give an impact in our GDP. 2. Import: In 2009-2010 FY Import growth decline 12. 4% from 23. 4% in the first 9 month because of sudden fall of fuel price and other commodities. In FY 2009-2010 0% rate on import tax for major food grains and 0% rate on import tax for raw and refined Sugar because of high price of sugar. 12% custom duty on milk powder and 5% regulatory duty on milk powder. In FY 2009-2010 20% supplementary duty is withdraw for milk based food preparations.In FY 2010-2011 it remains 0% tax for food grains like rice, pulse etc. In this year govt. are agree to decrease the tax 12% to 5% in milk powder and withdraw the 5% regulatory duty on milk powder. Because o f the low price of sugar this year Govt. Includes 2000 tk tax for per metric ton raw sugar and 4000 tk tax for per metric ton refined sugar. Comparison Between Budget 2010-2011 to 2011-2012 1. Export: In the FY 2010-2011 export growth is increased by 19% from March to November and it can be running for rest of this FY. In FY 2010-2011 Bangladesh manage to increase their Export growth from the year 2009-2010.In FY 2011-2012 Govt. targeted to gain 14. 5% export growth but that is declining. It is expected that export will exceed US$22. 4 billion in the current fiscal and this trend will continue in the next fiscal year as well. 2. Import:- In FY 2010-2011 it remains 0% tax for food grains like rice, pulse etc. In this year govt. are agree to decrease the tax 12% to 5% in milk powder and withdraw the 5% regulatory duty on milk powder. Because of the low price of sugar this year Govt. Includes 2000 tk tax for per metric ton raw sugar and 4000 tk tax for per metric ton refined sugar.In t his FY 2011-2012 Govt. claim that they will picked up the import growth 41. 4% percent overall. 0% tax rate is in food grains. Tax on sugar is proposed to decreased by 0%. Impact on Our Economy Chart: GDP growth rate from 2009 to 2011 In the budget of 2011-12, the government has targeted 7 percent GDP growth rate. It took two decades for Bangladesh to achieve 6 percent GDP growth rate from 4 percent. Now the government aims to achieve another 2 percent growth rate within five years without any major changes in policy which seems to be improbable considering the previous growth path.Although Bangladesh is in an advantageous position in relation to world average growth and the growth of emerging and developing economies, it is lagging slightly behind in comparison to the Developing Asian economies. The real GDP growth in FY 2009-10 has been finally computed to be 6. 1 percent but it can be increase in that year if we export more of our frozen foods. According to the provisional estima te, in FY 2010-11, a real GDP growth of 6. 7 percent has been achieved. Considering the prospects and potential risks in the context of global and domestic economic perspectives, real GDP growth target for FY 2011-12 at 7 percent.GDP growth increase does not mean that absolutely our financial sector is good. Bank deposit rate is decreasing day by day because of high price of commodities. We import so many food items from outside of the country. RMG product export is always creating positive impact in our economy. It decreases our unemployment problem. It holds major part of our GDP. In RMG sector inflow is more than outflow but in food sector it totally reversed. Recommendation : GDP growth of any country is blessing for that country. Our Budget is always dreamy to fulfill. No govt. can fulfill their Oath. In our Country every people in govt. re corrupted. But our Finance Minister Mr. Abul Mal Abdul Muhit set an Expectation For GDP to 7%. Hope this Govt. can achieve it. Our countryà ¢â‚¬â„¢s food market is stuck by 4 or 5 people who make syndicate and our food price is increasing. Recently for this sugar price is increasing so high. So we can say we have to stop the syndicate to flexible our market. In RMG sector, the overall situation is good without employee’s satisfaction. So we need to develop employee’s satisfaction which will automatically increase production and export. Conclusion: The budget of FY 2011-2012 is very dreamy.Our finance minister is very dream loving person. He propose 1635. 89 billion taka’s budget but we cannot afford this budget. In the FY 2010-2011 our finance minister give a budget of 1321. 7 billion takas budget. We want the correct budget for our country for which we can improve our country’s economic condition. We have to change by ourselves. We have to inspired by other country who are developing day by day. We have to improve our export and import sector. Because this sector is mostly responsible for in crease our GDP. References 1. Mof. gov. bd 2. www. unnayan. org 3. Books of Budget Published By NBR

Course reflective learning evaluation Assignment

Course reflective learning evaluation - Assignment Example This is because police work involves critical social, legal, and political practices, all of which must promote the welfare of the public (Cordner 21). Managing police, therefore, becomes an undertaking that not only focuses on police power and authority, but also on the interests of the people served by the police. This unique feature of police departments isolates them from the usual organizational administration, where client segmentation is evident. This course highlights key lessons that begin with police work but end up accounting for every member in the society. As earlier mentioned, social, legal, and political factors influence police related practice. At the community level, the police have to establish functional relations with the public. The idea is to foster loyalty, trust, and reliability. On the same, the course presents a scenario where members of the society are defiant or lawbreakers. This puts police at the center of law-abiding citizens and lawbreakers. Ultimately, the police and police administrations must strategize on how to approach such situations. Legal factors further influence police operations in many different ways. The course highlights that legal provisions vary from one situation to another. This requires police and their administrators to be at par with all legal provisions and/or processes that affect their duties and responsibilities. It is important to remember that the course emphasizes on the benefits of law and police administration in the context of crime reduction and enhanced community welfare (Moore 122-123). Insights from the course also reveal that police and their administrators ought to be leaders and strategic managers. Effective and efficient policing is not an easy task. Successful police-community communication, community policing, intelligence operations, and problem solving is extremely difficult to realize in the absence of servant leadership, strategic management, and tactic

Mu2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mu2 - Essay Example They should be taught how to deal with panicky situations, how to deal with emergency and to how to address their safety in such undesirable circumstances. Life safety is very important and given the context, it means trying to curb down un-necessary exposure to the harmful products due to combustion. There are three basic directions that need to be followed. The first one is to try stopping ignition, the second one is to control the outbreak of fire and the third one is to keep the humans safe from the byproducts of combustion. This can be done keeping in mind the concepts of either of the three of time, distance and shielding. The smoke and heat don’t develop instantaneously. They develop over time to create a harmful hazardous environment. There are a lot of variables involved and each of these variables varies in different circumstances so the rate at which this happens can’t be exactly predicted. The fire starts of as small and slowly gradually intensifies thus invoking a very hazardous environment in the process. The fire can be detected by either of the 2, through automatic means or by personnel detection. The real focus should be on what stage after ignition and heat buildup has the fire been discovered. It is that stage which will have a major impact on the life safety measures that would be taken up. It is not necessary that all the occupants at the site of the fire will react to it in the same way. The reaction of two different people will vary. The reaction of a single individual can also vary in different time frames, in different settings. It is not necessary that someone who reacts in a particular way at one point in time will react in exactly the same way three days from now. By reaction, it is meant, how humans react to smoke build up, to the flame, to the burns, to the hue and cry etc. There are some factors that help determine how humans react to fire situations typically. These factors are: Where age is concerned, the

International relations war Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International relations war - Essay Example Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy defines war as â€Å"an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political communities† (Orend 1). From these definitions war can occur between people, cultures and states. War is usually aimed at having power over the other person. An overall definition of war is continuous violence between groups in which state military forces take part on one side in case of a civil war or both sides in case of interstate wars. There are different types of war which are triggered by different situations. Hegemonic war also known as global war or world war or general war is a war aimed at controlling or conquering the whole world. It last happened during the Second World War. Where a state attempts to conquer and occupy another state, it is referred to as total war. The aim of the state is to reach the capital city and force the government to surrender. The whole of the enemy’s family is perceived as a legitimate target. After conquering, the victor replaces the subdued government with its own choice. An example of total war is the 2003 Iraq war. In limited war, the conqueror aims at doing other things apart from conquering and occupying the state. It is a common phenomenon in border wars, after occupying the state it wants, it may stop there to defend its gains. An example of such a war is the U.S. war against Iraq in 1991; U.S. recaptured Kuwait but did not go further to topple Saddam Hussein’s government. Civil war occurs between some groups within a state with the aim of creating, or preventing a new government for the whole state or some parts of it. Guerilla war is operated by illegal forces that are hidden by civilian population. They rarely confront an enemy; instead they harass and punish the enemy for a long time till the enemy limits its controls. Finally the enemy loosens its grip on the territory and liberates it to the guerrilla army (Eckbaull 1). A simple definition of strategy can be a means of solving

Learning By Doing and Using Instructional Technologies Research Paper

Learning By Doing and Using Instructional Technologies - Research Paper Example   Introduction of microcomputers and internet has greatly influenced teaching and learning. Technology motivates students to learn since it encourages use of hands-on-technology activities making learners more autonomous. Appropriate use of technology in teaching motivates students since encourages creative methods of learning and enables students to remain attentive. Use of technology for teaching affects the learning process in different ways. The instructional methods are affected since teacher or educators act more like facilitators (Hung, 2001; Candace, Sheri, & Lane, 2011).Several theories relate the theories of learning to use technology in teaching. Educational theories embrace any phenomena that contribute to education in either philosophical or general approach. Instructional theories deal with aspects pertaining to instructions. The four main models of learning which include social constructivism, cognivitism, behaviorism, and constructivism form the framework of learnin g and teaching. The learning theories are distinct from the instructional approaches. Behaviorism and cognitivist models showed that the manner in which instructions are given determines the ease of learning. This is because the mind acts as an information processor. It is thus important to use technology base instruction approaches to encourage learners to reason.Constructivism and social constructivism models focus on the influence of interactions on learning or assimilation and accommodation of knowledge. People tend to interpret ideas depending on how they perceived them. Use of technology to provide instructions can thus aid learners in constructing knowledge as opposed to acquiring knowledge. Technology increases the level of interactions between teachers and students as well as amongst students (Clark & Mayer, 2008; Tennyson, 2010). Instructional technologies should consider the learning theories to encourage practice and feedback, promote self-regulated learning, employ cogn itive learning approaches, and provide frameworks that enable students discover different perspective and meanings of concepts (Candace, Sheri, & Lane, 2011). The theory of Project-Based Learning, which is based on John Dewey’s philosophy of learning by doing, supports use of instructional Technology. This theory promotes learning as a social activity that takes different context but encourages students to use previous experiences to explore, create, and interpret. Use of instructional technology encourages learners to use the different intelligences, which include musical, logical-mathematical, linguistic, body-kinesthetic, spatial, and interpersonal as well as the intrapersonal ones. The theory of Multiple Intelligences is another theory that encourages use of technology as a teaching tool. This theory encourages educators to adjust their teaching designs to incorporate facets such as use of instructi

Aristotle's Physics 2.1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aristotle's Physics 2.1 - Term Paper Example y of four causes in Metaphysics with Plato’s philosophy of forms in order to illustrate the difference between the philosophies of the two, showing the important evolutionary link between the ideals. Where the fundamental rules and laws of Nature (â€Å"Physics†) operate through a logic and reason that is pre-determined in the metaphysical, we can trace this concept in Western thought to the teachings of Aristotle, viewing their reflection in the scientific method and democratic system of government as foundational to our lives, realities, and understanding. The first question I will address is ‘the conception of nature as a kind of cause in Physics 2.1’ which can be illustrated in the following quote by Aristotle: â€Å"Some of the things-that-are are by nature (phusei), but others are due to other causes [diallas aitias] [e.g. artifacts].† In Aristotle’s philosophy, which forms the basis of Greek humanism, there is a fundamental duality between â€Å"Physics,† the material world and the logic of its operation, and â€Å"Metaphysics,† what is beyond the material world and exists only in the mind- the world of ideas, concepts, and mental events- also containing a logic of operation. Aristotle treats these subjects in different works, so to focus on Physics without attending to his ideas in Metaphysics would not give us a complete view of his overall philosophy. The critical point here is to focus on how the terms are being translated from the ancient Greek, for in this case Aristotle is not intro ducing â€Å"Nature† as we understand it, meaning the natural world, the environment, creation, etc. as a kind of cause, he is introducing a type of â€Å"essence† or essential identity as cause through phusei. When we consider â€Å"nature† as cause in the sense it is posited by Aristotle, we should perhaps translate it as â€Å"natural essence† or â€Å"original essence† to come closer to the meaning the philosopher intended, which is also related to characteristic

How Computer Games Influence Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

How Computer Games Influence Violence - Essay Example Several researches have focused on the effects of video games on adolescents and children. This is because children belong to an age whereby they are vulnerable to deceptions (Signorielli 2006, p. 36). This means that they can barely separate illusions from reality. Children easily develop emotions that make them vulnerable to script of their play. It is essential to note that video games are proven to have positive effects as well. For instance, video games could be responsible for improving manual dexterity. This is useful in handling things such as bicycles, vehicles and other machines. Additionally, video games could improve computer literacy of children. This is attributable to employment of various control keys and manipulations in creating a game. Technology improves to accord these games better graphics for real three dimensional experiences in playing. Such quality heralds video games as a distinct force in children’s lives. However, research and real life experiences show that video games increase aggression in teens. Video games have notably transformed to become increasingly popular with teenagers. An example concerns the studies, of Kaiser Family Foundation, that reported of most children homes’ ownership of video games. ... This mostly concerns shooting games in which other characters are depicted to have died. Video games necessitate a critical concern because children are active users of such medium. It is notable that video games demand significant attention that children gullibly accord. This gives greater credibility to the images that appear on the devices’ screens. Since parents rarely involve themselves in video games, they are unaware of the images. Some studies indicate that children who play martial games would possess the tendency towards aggression (Aboujaoude & Koran, p. 184). This would be different from motorcycle racing games whereby children are not likely to develop aggression out of playing. This affects children players in two dimensions. To begin with, it deceives players of their strength in case they win such games. It is vital to note that children become increasingly proficient with more games that they play. This proficiency enables players to easily win games by depict ions of shooting and murdering other characters. It creates a sense of self misconception whereby the children players feel that they can operate in the real world through violence. This means that such children would feel that they can get away with violence in the practical world. On the other hand, violence is attributable to frustrations of failing in games. This mostly occurs in cases whereby children are less proficient in manipulating video games. In certain instances, other characters end up shooting and killing the main character in terms of video depiction. This triggers anger and frustration in children players. In turn, they can fight with their peers in order that they convince of their strength. In addition, children could turn violent

Define Leader and Leadership and explain why managers should be Essay

Define Leader and Leadership and explain why managers should be leaders - Essay Example Leaders are the actual players behind leadership and all the activities and operations that come with it. A leader is a visionary, strategic, goal-oriented, and value-driven individual who sets the pace for his or her followers and goes a step further to guide them through that pace. Naturally, leaders avoid conflicts while executing their mandate, or effectively manage and control disputes or conflicts whenever they arise (Kuckartz, 2010). It is important for managers to be leaders. This is because management and leadership are fundamentally intertwined. The administrative duties and responsibilities of a manager are more effective and efficient when leadership principles are incorporated in management. In this respect, managers ought to practice their authority within transactional and transformational aspects (Armstrong, 2011). In so doing, they manage the organization and lead their followers at the same

How to Make Curry Rice Essay Example for Free

How to Make Curry Rice Essay Do you like curry rice? Curry rice is the food originated in India. Now, curry rice is popular in Japanese homes. Japanese eat curry rice once a week. Curry rice is easy to make and contains a variety of nutrients. It’s not difficult to make curry rice if you follow these three steps; cut the ingredients, fry the ingredients, boil the ingredients. You need four ingredients to make curry rice: potato, carrot, onion, beef. Curry rice is cooked with these ingredients and a pan. Various spices are used to curry. For example, all spice, cardamom, cumin, and so on. Each spice has a role to bring out the flavor of curry. For example, all spice flavor bittersweet taste. Cardamom perfume refreshing fragrance with a strong to curry. These spices are the source of the taste of curry. It is the origin of the pungent condiment. Ingredients and spices are mixed well, and then curry rice becomes good taste. The first step in the process of making curry rice is to cut the ingredients. First, peel the vegetables. And then, cut to the size of the bite-sized vegetables. At that time you had better put potatoes in water to remove excess potato starch. The next step in the process of making curry rice is to fry the ingredients in the pan. In this step, put oil to pan. At the same time you should heat the pan. After that you should add the ingredients and condiment to it. By adding condiment ingredients are seasoned related to basic. The last step in the process of making curry rice is boiling well the ingredients in the pan. After frying the ingredients pour water to the pan and boil well until the ingredients become soft. Then add curry sauce to the pan. At this point you should mix ingredients that are in the pot with a ladle. If you want to make it more delicious, you had better add honey to it. When you finish these steps, serve on a plate curry rice. As you can see, making curry rice is easy. Curry rice is wonderful cooking which contains various nutrients. By following these steps, you can make curry rice easily.

All in the Family Essay Example for Free

All in the Family Essay Throughout one’s life, things are going to grow and change, yet one thing will always remain the same, one’s family. This social unit, whether it be related by blood or the love that comes from a family will always remain strong. While taking a look at two narratives, we will discuss the lessons learned, family functions, extended family, and the impressions that are made upon the readers of these stories. Taking a look at these powerful narratives, we as readers see many lessons that are learned throughout these pieces of writing. Taking a look at the narrative, An Indian Story by Roger Jack, this non-nuclear family shows us the readers, the lesion of who can and could be considered family. This important lesson shows how although his Aunt Greta is not immediate family like his father would be; she becomes immediate in his time of need. â€Å"My home and academic life improved a lot after I had moved in with Aunt Greta† (Jack 53). This improvement of life for these characters shows how this social network made of defined characters were able to adapt and transform to the ever-changing needs and circumstances of its â€Å"family† members. Moving on to the much different narrative entitled, Looking for Work by Gary Soto were we take a look at a nuclear family that is much different. The life of a Mexican American boy who strives for nothing less than for his family to be â€Å"perfect† like he sees on TV. His longing for the, â€Å"Father looks on in his suit. The mother, decked out in earrings and a pearl necklace, cuts into her steak and blushes. Their conversation so politely clipped† (Soto 29). These constant strives to be perfect and rich consumed most of his time. Yet by the end of this narrative, he would finally learn the most important lesson of all, his family is who they are. Much like Gary Soto in his story, Looking for Work I learned the same exact lesson. Although my family may have been crazy and somewhat embarrassing they are who they are and there was nothing I could do about it. My family was always going to be there for me no matter what and I couldn’t love them more for that. Throughout these two narratives, everyone experienced the presence of family in some form or another and I have to say, I don’t know what I would do without mine. While reading these stories I found a few similarities between the families in the stories and my own family that really stood out to me. First, the importance of 3family in general. I cannot stress enough how important my family is to me; yet when I was a child, much like the boys in these stories, I did not realize it. Another similarity I shared with these stories was how close I was to my grandma like Roger Jack was to his Aunt Greta. This warmed my heart because I love my grandma and so many instances throughout that narrative reminded me of my grandma and I. Much like when Roger stated, â€Å"I walked to Aunt Greta’s and asked if I could move in with her since I had already spent so much time with her anyway† (Jack 53). Yet one way in which my family is different from the families in these narrative is that I was blessed to have a mom and a dad growing up and I could not be more thankful for that. Growing up is an important time in any child’s life. Whether it is like the boys in these narratives or anyone else; that is a time for you to grow and shape into an individual. I believe that the environment I grew up in was a good thing for me and it shaped my entire worldview. I grew up with great yet strict parents, a loving, caring, hard working mom and housewife, and a tough, hard working, funny father. Together they taught me to work for everything I have because later in life nothing was going to be handed to me. I was taught a great work ethic and good morals from the very beginning. I believe that because of those teachings by my great parents, I am the person I am today. Extended family most definitely differed between the two narratives yet the importance was there. As with my extended family, we are very close, especially with my mom’s mom Erna. I always grew up with her right across the street and I loved every minute of it! She was always there for me and I always had fun whenever I was with her. I remember her cooking for me and us gardening together. Although the dictionary considers grandparents extended family, I do not. My grandma was so close to my family, especially my mom and I that to me she is immediate family. The importance of extended family and family in general to me is practically my life. I would do anything for them just as they would for me. I am so grateful to have such a close immediate and an extended family in my life. Looking at both narratives, there was one that made a more powerful impression upon me as a reader. Looking for Work by Gary Soto really stood out to me for one reason, the lesson. I believe in the fact that your family is who they are and there is nothing that you can do about it besides accept them. I love how Gary realized at the end that his family was not going to be like the family on Father Knows Best and that was ok. I think that made such an impression on me because I was the same way when I was little, I hated when my parents would make jokes and be silly but as I was growing up I grew to love it. My family is who they are and I love them for it! I wouldn’t trade my family for anything in the world and by the end of the story Gary seemed to feel the same way. In the beginning, Gary would be so frustrated when his siblings would wear bathing suits to dinner, when he had specifically asked them to dress up. Yet towards the end of the story such change took over Gary. â€Å"That evening at dinner we all sat down in our bathing suits to eat our beans, laughing and chewing loudly† (Soto 29). This quote is a prime example of the change that underwent the main character and showed the point in which he accepted everyone at that table for who they were, family. Works Cited Jack, Roger. An Indian Story. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 52-61. Print. Soto, Gary. Looking for Work. Ed. Robert Cullen and Bonnie Lisle. Rereading America Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo. 8th ed. Boston: Bedford St. Martins, 2010. 26-31. Print.

Glanbia Company Management and Organisation Structure

Glanbia Company Management and Organisation Structure The author has been asked to write this report on behalf of Kilkenny and Carlow education and training centre. The author has used secondary sources throughout this report. This report is in three sections the first section gives a brief history of Glanbia its legal form its current size and location around the world, and the products it produces. The second section describes the administration functions of an office and describes three pieces of equipment used to carry these functions. The third section gives a brief overview of three pieces of employment legislation. Glanbia meaning pure food in Irish has its roots in the Irish co-operative movement. In the 1960s many small co-operatives joined together, realising the benefits of increase scale and having greater diversification. Waterford Co-op Society was formed in 1964 with Avonmore Creameries formed two years later in 1966. With the introduction of European milk quotas in 1984 growth in domestic opportunities were restricted. Waterford Co-op Society and Avonmore Creameries both recognised that to expand they would have to look outside Ireland and the best way to fund this expansion was through a stock market flotation. Both were floated on the Irish Stock Exchange in 1988. With the capital raised leading to business expansion outside of Ireland. A number of small cheese plants in the USA being the basis of Glanbia marketing leading US Cheese business today. On 4 September 1997, Avonmore Foods plc and Waterford Foods plc merged to form Avonmore Waterford Group (AWG) plc. The combined entity wa s the fourth biggest dairy processor in Europe and the fourth biggest cheese producer in the world. In 1999, the business was rebranded and the name changed to Glanbia plc. Organisation and Legal Form   Ã‚   Glanbia is a private sector business enterprise, being floated on the Irish Stock Exchange on 4 September 1997. It was known then as Avonmore Waterford Group (AWG) plc and being renamed Glanbia plc in 1999. Size and Location Glanbia registered office is located in Glanbia House Kilkenny; it employs over 6,000 people across 32 countries and their products are sold or distributed in over 130 countries with an annual turnover of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3.6 billion. Their major production facilities are located in Ireland, the US, the UK, Germany and China. They have four segments; Glanbia Performance Nutrition, Global Ingredients, Dairy Ireland and Joint Ventures Associates. Their shares are listed on the Irish and London Stock Exchanges (symbol: GLB). Products Glanbia has a wide range of nutrition sports brands, Glanbia Performance Nutrition (GPN) is the number one global performance nutrition brand portfolio comprising Optimum Nutrition, BSN, Isopure, thinkThin, Nutramino, ABB and trusource, each with its own brand essence. It has also a wide range of dairy brands Dairy Ireland is comprised of two businesses. Consumer Products is the leading supplier of branded consumer dairy products to the Irish market and long-life products for export. Agribusiness supplies inputs to the Irish agriculture sector and is the leading purchaser and processor of grain and the leading manufacturer of branded animal feed in Ireland. Audit Committee The Audit Committee is responsible for assessing the Companys financial arrangements, as well as reviewing the design and implementation of internal control and risk management. It also agrees the approach and scope of the internal and external audit and keeps under review the objectivity and independence of external auditors. Two main functions of the Audit committee is the review of financial statements and external auditors, which involves monitoring the integrity of financial reports and assessing the efficiency of the internal and external audit process. The second main function would be the reviewing and implementing the companys risk management systems. Mainly assessing the principal risks that would threaten the companys business model, future performance, solvency and liquidity. Nomination and Governance Committee The Nomination and Governance Committee is responsible for hiring individuals with the knowledge, experience and management skills needed to expand the business and deliver its strategic objectives. Two main functions of the Nomination and Governance Committee are recommending new appointments to the board of directors. The second would be the forward planning in the succession to the board. Remuneration Committee The remuneration committee has responsibility for putting in place a remuneration strategy, that is designed to meet the companys strategic business ambitions and that attracts new talent and delivers long term sustainable shareholder value. Two main functions of the remuneration committee, one is to review the executive salaries and benefits. The second would be to seek approval the annual incentive targets. Group Management Committee The group management committee is responsible for delivering the companys annual business plan and strategic priorities. Two main functions To research and analyse the potential markets for products to be sold. To develop the growth of the company business, through strategic investments, and also with strategic acquisition or alliance with other complementary businesses. Group finance director The finance director has the responsibilities, for managing the department financial strategy ensuring the company delivers on key financial goals. To achieve these goals involves assessing both external and organic investment opportunities, cash conversion through improved working capital management and moderate business sustaining capital expenditure. Leveraging the companys activities in order to improve cost structures utilising shared services, procurement, IT and maintaining the capital structure with an implicit investment grade credit profile. Group HR and Corporate Affairs Director Is responsible for man power planning, addressing any issues raised by employees, reviews HR operating model to ensure it is meeting the strategic goal of acquiring the talent needed to maintain companys goals. Making sure there is a comprehensive succession and people talent review of senior leadership. Developing a comprehensive Code of Conduct to support commitments to ethical business practice, The administrative function involves the collecting; storing and processing of data. The collecting of data involves many things such as reports, minutes of meeting, enquires, quotations, prices lists, invoices to name a few. Storing of data depends on the nature of the data; the law requires the storing of data in a specific manner and a specified period of time especially the keeping of accounts for tax purposes. Data can be stored on computers or hard copies in a filing cabinet. Processing of data can involve converting the data into more manageable chunks of information such as charts, spreadsheets or PowerPoint presentations. Which are used, for the benefit of better understanding of the information in order to make important decisions within an organisation. Equipment Computer -nearly all employees in an office have a desktop computer these days. Software such as Microsoft word and Excel can be used for many office tasks such as storing and processing of information, and email is used for communication within the office and outside communications. Fax machine used for sending documents, diagrams and pictures. Linked to the telephone line it is a quick and easy way of communicating. You can send and receive documents with a push of a button. The advantage is that it takes a physical document and transmits it in physical form to the receiver, it is a scanner, modem and printer all in one. Photocopier every office has a photocopier for the purpose of copying and printing of documents. Modern photocopiers can resize documents and scan documents. They can connect wirelessly; they can have multiply functions like fax. You can produce anything from A4 and A5 stapled, saddle-stitched booklets to hole-punched, stapled 50-sheet presentations. Some copiers can print documents on a mixture of paper formats, such as heavier stock for covers and dividing sheets, or coloured paper for specific sections. A photocopier can create lots of copies in a short space of time. Workplace Legislation    Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005 The key aim of this act is to place broad obligations on employers, employees and the self- employed in relation to safety, health, and welfare matters in all areas of the work place. With the emphasis being on preventing workplace accidents and ill health from occurring by focusing on workplace hazards and putting appropriate precautions in place. Employers are obliged to provide a safe place of work by putting in place safe systems of work, the appropriate training, supervision, appropriate clothing and equipment, emergency plans and welfare arrangements. Employers are required to prevent any inappropriate behaviour that may put the safety, health and welfare of their employees in jeopardy. Employees are obliged to have reasonable care for the safety of others, by making sure that equipment supplied for their safety are used properly, and all machinery, tools are used correctly. They have a required duty not to be under the influence of drink or drugs in the workplace. They are also required to undergo reasonable medical or other assessment if requested by their employer. Employment Equality Acts 1998 2008 The key aim of these acts is to prohibit discriminatory practices in the workplace environment. They prohibit both direct and indirect discrimination. The employer has to give equal access to employment, conditions of employment, training and promotion, and like pay for equal work. Direct discrimination is defined as treating one person in a less favourable way than another person has been or would be treated because of their gender, marital status, family status, sexual orientation, religious belief, age, disability, race and membership of the traveller community. These acts also create the Equality Authority which works towards the elimination of discrimination in employment, promotes equality of opportunity in matters the legislation applies to and supplies information to employers, service providers, individuals, trade unions and the legal profession in relation to the Equality Acts. Protection of Young Persons (Employment) Act 1996 The key aim of this act is to protect workers under eighteen, it sets the minimum age for entry into employment and limits the working hours and provides rest periods and prohibits night work. An employer is required to obtain a birth certificate if employing anyone under the age of eighteen and get written permission from parent or guardian before employing anyone under the age of sixteen. An employer must also keep a record of workers under the age of eighteen. Glanbia is a very organised and efficiently run company with an annual turnover of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬3 billion. References (n.d.). Retrieved Feburary 2017, from www.vikingdirect.ie. (n.d.). 2015_Annual_Report. Glanbia. About us. (n.d.). Retrieved February 2017, from Glanbia.com. (n.d.). Glanbia_AR2014. Keenan, à . (n.d.). Essentials of Irish Business Law. Gill and Macmillan. Our Heritage. (n.d.). Retrieved from Glanbia.com.

Essay --

The ‘just desserts’ theory of sentencing is a form of Retributivism, which is a late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century theory of punishment based on lex talionis or the law of vengeance, derived from the works of a German theorist Immanuel Kant. Retributivism contends that when an individual commits a crime, his punishment should be the equivalent of the crime committed. Kant argued that humans are free and rational agents who recognise that any wrong committed would have to be met with a deserving and equal punishment by the state. He believed that a states failure to punish this wrong would be a corroboration of sorts in the wrongdoing. Furthermore, he held that punishment must only be inflicted upon those who have committed a crime and not for any other purpose. In keeping with this theory of moral reasoning, ‘just deserts’ is a modern form of retributivism, more concerned with seeking proportionality rather than exacting revenge. Supporters of t his version argue that offenders should be punished, but only because they deserve it. An interpretation centred more on the ce...

Tips for Succcessful Essay Writing :: Education

Tips for Succcessful Essay Writing Being able to write a good essay does not come easy to the majority of current English students. The ability to excel in writing is not always something we can easily learn. Talented writers have the capability to reach into their soul and write from the heart. However, everyone does not possess this remarkable gift. Most of us struggle to achieve a level of adequate writing. Writing takes intense time and much thought to develop a well-planned essay. Bringing together all aspects of writing, such as: good descriptions, a proper structure, a good introduction and a clever title will give the audience a clear picture of what makes an essay good. Believe it or not, titles play an important role in the writing process. How many times have you flipped through a magazine and stopped only because you saw a title of an article that interested you. The title announces the topic clearly and as briefly as possible, as in the essay "Unlikely Learning". This essay deals with unlikely situations that you are placed in, because of your high school courses. The title of this essay would be considered a descriptive title. The other type of title is a suggestive title. This type of title is primarily used in an informal writing. The title, "The Value of Honesty", in our eyes, would be an example of a suggestive title. It describes the attitude of the author but not the exact topic. Yes, the essay is about honesty, but it is also about truthfulness. The title of an essay should not be the assignment given, or to restate the thesis, but it should attract the reader and make them want to read on. An introduction, in simple words, glves a background to the topic. It is one of the most important parts of the essay because it keeps the reader's interest of what they are about to read. The introduction will make the readers feel that what the essay is about will be of importance and interest to them. The thesis sentence is stated in the introduction. It is the one sentence that will tell the readers what the whole essay is about. The introduction is not very long but it is clear, precise, and to the point. A good introduction can either begin with a quote or ask questions. It can also contaln opinion words to either agree or dispute the topic of the writing.

Aids in American Youth :: Free AIDS Essays

Aids in American Youth There are more than 40 million people in the world with the disease known as AIDS(Bender 6). There are about 1 million people in America recorded to have the disease(Carasso). While anybody can get AIDS the people who are at the highest risk are youth between under the age of 20 years old(Carasso). This epidemic which came about in the early 80’s has become a deadly problem in our world today. When AIDS came about it is understood that it was only a gay disease in the 80’s, which would cause for this disease to spread rapidly. With the gay community not being the most acknowledge group of people in this decade no one cared that it was happening to them. The disease could have been drastically reduced if people would have known this virus wasn’t passed by, sex nor was it a gay disease only. In fact the disease was initially known as GRID (Gay Related Immune Disorder). In the 80’s almost no one used condoms, which made it easy for the transmission, espe cially when people didn’t know it was sexually translated. Aids has become a problem that every country is faced with, especially Africa with 1 out of 10 being effected with this virus. Some countries in Africa have nearly 50% of its population effected with this disease. The virus of AIDS could have been reduced drastically if people wanted to face the fact that it is sexually transmitted. The disease of AIDS can be passed from person to person several ways. The first, and the most common is through sexual intercourse. Sexual intercourse is by far the greatest risk for contracting the disease. The reason that sex is the most common is because of the friction caused by having sex. For the most part women are more likely to contract the disease, in fact they have a 3 out of 4 chance to catch the disease to a males, 1 out of 4. The other major way, and probably the second leading way to contract the Virus is through sharing a drug needle. Using drugs such as Heroin which calls for an injection of a liquid substance directly into a vein of a person can cause a major transition of blood from one person to another (DeCarlo, Lurie AIDS123).

Autobiographical Narrative: Draft

Title: The Raintree parade, Double space and indent paragraphs It’s early Monday morning; I stretch my arms wide, and yawn as I struggle to pull myself out of bed. I look over at the clock, Gasp! It’s already 8:30†¦ I run around as if I’m a lunatic, and I hop around and put my pants, shirt and shoes on. I hear my mom yell from down stairs, â€Å"James, are you up yet?! † I yell back â€Å"In a minute mom! † Begin a new paragraph each time a new person speaks. So I rush out of my bedroom and past the bathroom in a rush, the sound of my backpack flapping against my back fills the empty hallway.As I run down the steps I’m sure to skip every other one to save time, and its just plain fun to see how many steps you can skip. I grab my breakfast, and lunch of the counter just before I yell goodbye to everyone. You see, my family consists of Me James, my mother Susan, My father Ricky, and my little sister Olivia. Yep that’s my family and most of the time if you asked me I indeed would change them for the world. Would or wouldn’t change them? Just as I get to the bus stop, to my shock, it pulls up.I try to calm myself by saying everything will be ok under my breath, â€Å"Here I go, another day of school it’ll be ok you can do it James† I climb aboard the chaotic bus, and look into the faces of what seemed like 1000 eyes staring me down. So I scan for a seat I can use, carefully though if you pick the wrong one you could end up a black eye or laughed at by the entire school, that’s my favorite of the two by the way. To my surprise I make it to class alive for another day. Just as I take my seat in class the teacher takes attendance.She calls out everyone’s name. And after that comes the announcements, she tells us that the Raintree parade is coming next week. She goes on to tell us that our class must get in groups and work together on a float. It’s time to get in pairs and g o to the gym where we will be assigned jobs for the float. She tells us our partners she says â€Å"Philip and Hmm†¦Abby, Brian and Sarah, Milton and†¦Ã¢â‚¬  At that point I am yelling out in my head â€Å"Don’t say James, don’t say James, don’t say James† And, she says James.It’s no big shock I get paired up with the nerdiest kid in the world. He walks up to me and in a nasally voice he says â€Å"Hey James, ready to get started? † There’s no way I want to start on this with you is what I was thinking but out loud I say, of course. Let’s do this! So we walk over to the gym in what was supposed to be a single file line. One at a time we†¦ This is a great start. I hope you get a chance to finish it by the time you turn in your final draft. Remember to indent a begin a new paragraph each time a new person speaks when writing dialogue.

Aztecs VS Mongols Essay

The Mongols and the Aztecs evolved on completely opposite sides of the world, so they had a substantial amount of differences. The contrasted culturally and socially. For example, religion was one of the numerous differences between the two. Also, the foundation of their societies was different as well; one being based on agriculture and the other being nomadic. However, they were not different in every aspect. The Mongols and Aztecs were similar politically because both had substantial and powerful militaries. Culturally, the Aztecs and Mongols were different, particularly with their religions. The Aztec Empire worshipped their Sun God; they believed that the sun was a gift from the Gods and that as it goes down every night, they’re required to make sacrifices in order to make it rise up again the next morning. Their king had to be a descendant of the Sun God in order to rule and he lived in a large religious temple. On the other hand, the Mongols were tolerant of most religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Shamanism, Islam). There were few places of worship because of the fact that they were nomadic, but they did praise their Allah. The empire first began as Pagans but eventually Islam became the favored religion of the empire because the Mongols went into the middle east.They did not sacrifice people, but they did animals. This religious difference exists because the two empires are on reverse regions of the globe, the Mongols in central Asia/Middle East and the Aztecs in present day Mexico; Therefore we know that the different areas of the world followed different customs and religions. The Aztecs and Mongols also contrasted socially, specifially because of the foundation of their civilizations. The Aztecs based their civilization on agriculture. They lived in what is Mexico today which had fertile soil and was surrounded by water, thus making it easier to maintain crops and create a system to manage the water. Then there were the Mongols who didn’t really stay in one spot, but were pastoral nomads who traveled all the way from  Eastern Europe to Central Asia with their livestock as a way of obtaining food. Not only did the Aztecs live in such a fertile area of the world, but their main city, Tenochtitlan, was surrounded by Lake Texcoco which provided them with easy access to trade routes. The Mongols could not be agricultural-based peoples like the Aztecs because of the extremely dry desert-like land they inhabited which was not suitable for crops. Therefore they had to resort to the nomadic lifestyle in order to survive. The Mongols and Aztecs were fairly similar politically. Both civilizations had prodigious militaries and conquered everyone around them. The Mongol Empire was a military empire, with Genghis Khan as their leader. They used advanced weapons from China (such as the bow and arrow and flaming catapults), and were excellent horse warriors. The boys were trained to be soldiers at the age of 14 and were forced to join the army. The Aztecs also had a society strongly based around their powerful military. In their empire, every boy who was physically capable would be trained to fight even with little notice. The aggressive warlike way of life in these societies made them very sturdy empires; both were able to conquer areas around them that no one else was able to, because of their intellegence of warfare and use of weapons. Overall, the Aztecs and Mongols were both large and advanced empires. Although they developed at different times and in different places, they had similar military lifestyles. But there were also plenty of things that differentiated the two empires; the first being their religious beliefs and the second being the social foundations of their society (agricultural or nomadic).

Cultural teachers Essay

Cultural teachers are about people who intently or otherwise came and left with time. It’s about meeting and embracing interesting and less interesting characters who weaved some of my life’s cultural values. It’s about friends who come and go in the passing of time and it’s them that shaped my individuality and identity. What ordinary people mostly see is not usually what my friends see in me. These people may see my exact opposite but it is only my friends who sees the real me. Before I met them, I had two sides of individuality- what I am and what I really am. But as my friends would say, there is nothing wrong with having two sides. What may be wrong is choosing a side and never show the other. The struggle of both sides was greatly handled by my friends. It was a long and difficult struggle but my friends helped me to end it in order for me to grow. Now that I have grown up, I realized that without the help of my friends, I would have not lived any cultural value up to now and I would have still remained a different person as before. As many would say, individuality has its own justification. If at some point one’s individuality is questioned or criticized or discriminated against, so long as one does not interfere with other people’s lives nor deprive them of their own happiness, one owes nobody an explanation for what he does and for who he is. But through the critics of my friends, I was able to come up with the real me. And I salute them for making me the person I deserved to be. This experience can be linked to Geert Hofstede’s Individualism wherein no matter how everyone stand out in their choice, in whatever means of comparison; still no one is different from everyone. Still you see the same differences with the person who may be sitting right next to you, getting his own share of life’s bittersweet moments. Inevitably, my enemies are my cultural teachers too. Yes, they are, in one way or another, but they don’t necessarily be specific persons but also things and situations that I perpetually consider as perpetual enemies such as cigarettes, junk foods, noisy places, heavy traffic, among others. They influenced us in all aspect of living. Somehow, my actions are being geared towards keeping away from these enemies. I see them as hindrances from my actions to achieve my goals. My thoughts are greatly influenced as well. Since I think of them as interruptions and intrusions, I tend to focus more on the things that will give me benefits instead. That is, showing my enemies that I am better off without them. Simply said, enemies challenge me to show off the best in me. Cultural values are also disrupted if you’ve got enemies. The enrichment and preservation of these values are corrupted. But I look at it as assessments on how to uphold the integrity of the values I believe in. My enemies trigger a more dispiriting affective experience. The more you’re affected, the more they pushed you down. That is why I make sure to find a way to boost my morale by stepping up to the test. The action and behavior towards my enemies are matched with one of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the Uncertainty Avoidance. Although an enemy causes so much anxiety, there are still ways to reverse its impact. If I may say it, I spare myself from things that are highly distressing. In the same way I dispose all the negative results of having an enemy, and use it as a tool to avoid circumstances that could interrupt my living values and lifestyle. Lastly, my cultural values have been influenced mostly in school through my teachers. Acting mainly as my second parents, teachers are my sources of knowledge and advancement. I expected them educate me using morals and necessary subject matters for me to achieve a much-coveted diploma. They’re with me in reaching the zenith of my ambitions through sharing the knowledge that they had acquired from years of studying. They helped me make a stand and defend my conviction. The values that I got from them have also helped me cope with my day-to-day concerns and they have influenced me a lot for they know what’s right and wrong with things in life. Their language and conduct as well speak of a vast reservoir of knowledge and wisdom. As part of the youth, I tend to be very idealistic, sensitive and vulnerable, crying out all the injustices in this world with passion. I passed harsh judgments and lashed out at anyone easily who didn’t meet my expectations. But as teachers, they have changed the way I perceive things in life. They have made me believe that I should try to have more patience, so that I could somehow balance things with intelligence and logic. Subconsciously, they have inculcated in me their own beliefs and principles without them knowing it. Without these mentors, I know I wouldn’t be able to know anything at all. In short, I owe them almost everything, if not all, the things that I have learned in life. Considering that I have been with my teachers for long years, I would probably be relating this to the Long-Term Orientation of Hofstede in his Cultural Dimensions. Teachers have done so many things through the years that I was still with them in school. They have not just stepped in to the classroom and painstakingly teach what I, as a student doesn’t know academically but they have also left a legacy – a legacy that not all can grasp. Reference Geert Hofsted – ITIM (n. d. ). Cultural Dimensions. Retrieved September 18, 2008, from http://www. geert-hofstede. com/

Carrie Chapter Three

â€Å"‘No, I won't,† she said. â€Å"Momma says good girls don't.† She looked strange for a little girl, half sad and half self-righteous. ‘I could hardly believe it, and the first thing that popped into my mind also popped right out of my mouth. I said: â€Å"Well, I'm a good girl. And doesn't your mother have breasts?† ‘She lowered her head and said something so softly I couldn't hear it. When I asked her to repeat it, she looked at me defiantly and said that her momma had been bad when she made her and that was why she had them. She called them dirtypillows, as if it was all one word. ‘I couldn't believe it. I was just dumbfounded. There was nothing at all I could think to say. We just stared at each other, and what I wanted to do was grab that sad little scrap of a girl and run away with her. ‘And that was when Margaret White came out of her back door and saw us.' ‘For a minute she just goggled as if she couldn't believe it. Then she opened her mouth and whooped. That's the ugliest sound I've ever beard in my life. It was like the noise of a bull alligator would make in a swamp. She just whooped. Rage. Complete, insane rage. Her face went just as red as the side of a fire truck and she curled her hands into fists and whooped at the sky. She was shaking all over. I thought she was having a stroke. Her face was all scrunched up, and it was a gargoyle's face. ‘I thought Carrie was going to faint – or die on the spot. She sucked in all her breath and that little face went a cottage-cheesy colour. ‘Her mother yelled: â€Å"CAAAARRIEEEEEE!† ‘I jumped up and yelled back: â€Å"Don't you yell at her that way! You ought to be ashamed!† Something stupid like that. I don't remember. Carrie started to go back and then she stopped and then she started again, and just before she crossed over from our lawn to theirs she looked back at me and there was a look †¦ oh, dreadful. I can't say it. Wanting and hating and fearing †¦ and misery. As if life itself had fallen on her like stones, all at the age of three. ‘My mother came out on the back stoop and her face just crumpled when she saw the child. And Margaret †¦ oh, she was screaming things about sluts and strumpets and the sins of the fathers being visited even into the seventh generation. My tongue felt like a little dried-up plant. ‘For just a second Carrie stood swaying back and forth between the two yards, and then Margaret White looked upward and I swear sweet Jesus that woman bayed at the sky. And then she started to †¦ to hurt herself, scourge herself. She was clawing at her neck and cheeks, making red marks and scratches. She tore her dress. ‘Carrie screamed out â€Å"Momma!† and ran to her. ‘Mrs White kind of †¦ squatted, like a frog, and her arms swooped wide open. I thought she was going to crush her and I screamed. The woman was grinning. Grinning and drooling right down her chin. Oh, I was sick. Jesus, I was so sick. ‘She gathered her up and they went in. I turned off my radio and I could hear her. Some of the words, but not all. You didn't have to hear all the words to know what was going on. Praying and sobbing and screeching. Crazy sounds. And Margaret telling the little girl to get herself into her closet and pray. The little girl crying and screaming that she was sorry, she forgot. Then nothing. And my mother and I just looked at each other. I never saw Mom look so bad, not even when Dad died. She said: â€Å"The child-!' and that was all. We went inside.' She gets up and goes to the window, a pretty woman in a yellow no-back sundress. ‘It's almost like living it all over again, you know,' she says, not turning around ‘I'm all riled up inside again.' She laughs a little and cradles her elbows in her palms. ‘Oh, she was so pretty. You'd never know from those pictures.' Cars go by outside, back and forth, and I sit and wait for her to go on. She reminds me of a pole-vaulter eyeing the bar and wondering if it's set too high. ‘My mother brewed us scotch tea. strong, with milk, the way she used to when I was tomboying around and someone would push me in the nettle patch or I'd fall off my bicycle. It was awful but we drank it anyway, sitting across from each other in the kitchen nook. She was in some old housedress with the hem falling down in back, and I was in my Whore of Babylon, two-piece swimsuit. I wanted to cry but it was too real to cry about, not like the movies. Once when I was in New York I saw an old drunk leading a little girl in a blue dress by the hand. The girl had cried herself into a bloody nose. The drunk had goitre and his neck looked like an inner tube. There was a red bump in the middle of his forehead and a long white string on the blue serge jacket he was wearing. Everyone kept going and coming because, if you did, then pretty soon you wouldn't see them any more. That was real, too. ‘I wanted to tell my mother that, and I was just opening my mouth to say it when the other thing happened †¦ the thing you want to hear about, I guess. There was a big thump outside that made the glasses rattle in the china cabinet. It was a feeling as well as a sound, thick and solid, as if someone had just pushed an iron safe off the roof.' She lights a new cigarette and begins to puff rapidly. ‘I went to the window and looked out, but I couldn't see anything. Then, when I was getting ready to turn around, something else fell. The sun glittered on it. I thought it was a big glass globe for a second. Then it hit the edge of the Whites' roof and shattered, and it wasn't glass at all. It was a big chunk of ice. I was going to turn around and tell Mom, and that's when they started to fall all at once, in a shower. ‘They were falling on the Whites' roof, on the back and front lawn, on the outside door to their cellar. That was a sheet-tin bulkhead, and when the first one hit it made a huge bong noise, like a church bell. My mother and I both screamed. We were clutching each other like a couple of girls in a thunderstorm. ‘Then it stopped. There was no sound at all from their house. You could see the water from the melting ice trickling down their slate shingles in the sunshine. A great big hunk of ice was stuck in the angle of the roof and their little chimney. The light on it was so bright that my eyes hurt to look at it. ‘My mother started to ask me if it was over, and then Margaret screamed. The sound came to us very clearly. In a way it was worse than before, because there was terror in this one. Then there were clanging, banging sounds, as if she were throwing every pot and pan in the house at the girl. The back door slammed open and slammed closed. No one came out. More screams. Mom said for me to call the police but I couldn't move. I was stuck to the spot. Mr Kirk and his wife Virginia came out on their lawn to look. The Smiths, too. Pretty soon everyone on the street that was home had come out, even old Mrs Warwick from up the block, and she was deaf in one ear. ‘Things started to crash and tinkle and break. Bottles, glasses, I don't know what all. And then the side window broke open and the kitchen table fell halfway through. With God as my witness. It was a big mahogany thing and it took the screen with it and it must have weighed three hundred pounds. How could a woman – even a big woman – throw that?' I ask her if she is implying something. ‘I'm only telling you,' she insists, suddenly distraught. ‘I'm not asking you to believe-‘ She seems to catch her breath and then goes on flatly: ‘There was nothing for maybe five minutes. Water was dripping out of the gutters over there. And there was ice all over the Whites' lawn. It was melting fast.' She gives a short, chopping laugh and butts her cigarette. ‘Why not? It was August.' She wanders aimlessly back towards the sofa, then veers away. ‘Then the stones. Right out of the blue sky. Whistling and screaming like bombs. My mother cried out, ‘What in the name of !' and put her hands over her head. But I couldn't move. I watched it all and I couldn't move. It didn't matter anyway. They only fell on the Whites' property. ‘One of them hit a downspout and knocked it on to the lawn. Others punched holes right through the roof and into the attic. The roof made a big cracking sound each time one hit, and puffs of dust would squirt up. The ones that hit the ground made everything vibrate. You could feel them hitting in your feet. ‘Our china was tinkling and the fancy Welsh dresser was shaking and Mom's teacup fell on the floor and broke. ‘They made big pits in the Whites' back lawn when they struck. Craters. Mrs White hired a junkman from across town to cart them away, and Jerry Smith from up the street paid him a buck to let him chip a piece of one. He took it to B.U. and they looked at it and said it was ordinary granite. ‘One of the last ones hit a little table they had in their back yard and smashed it to pieces.' ‘But nothing, nothing that wasn't on their property was hit.' She stops and turns from the window to look at me, and her face is haggard from remembering all that. One hand plays forgetfully with her casually stylish shag haircut. ‘Not much of it got into the local paper. By the time Billy Harris came around – he reported the Chamberlain news – she had already gotten the roof fixed, and when people told him the stones had gone right through it, I think he thought we were pulling his leg. ‘Nobody wants to believe it, not even now. You and all the people who'll read what you write will wish they could laugh it of and call me just another nut who's been out here in the sun too long. But it happened. There were lots of people on the block who saw it happen, and it was just as real as that drunk leading the little girl with the bloody nose. And now there's this other thing. No one can laugh that of, either. Too many people are dead. ‘And it's not just on the Whites' property any more.' She smiles, but there's not a drop of humour in it. She says: ‘Ralph White was insured, and Margaret got a lot of money when he died †¦ double indemnity. He left the house insured, too, but she never got a penny of that. The damage was caused by an act of God. Poetic justice, huh?' She laughs a little, but there's no humour in that, either †¦ Found written repeatedly on one page of a Ewen Consolidated High School notebook owned by Carrie White: Everybody's guessed/that baby can't be blessed/'til she finally sees that she's like all the rest †¦ Carrie went into the house and closed the door behind her. Bright daylight disappeared and was replaced by brown shadows, coolness, and the oppressive smell of talcum powder. The only sound was the ticking of the Black Forest cuckoo clock in the living room. Momma had gotten the cuckoo clock with Green Stamps. Once, in the sixth grade, Carrie had set out to ask Momma if Green Stamps weren't sinful, but her nerve had failed her. She walked up the hall and put her coat in the closet. A luminous picture above the coathooks limned a ghostly Jesus hovering grimly over a family seated at the kitchen table. Beneath was the caption (also luminous): The Unseen Guest. She went into the living room and stood in the middle of the faded, starting-to-be-threadbare rug. She closed her eyes and watched the little dots flash by in the darkness. Her headache thumped queasily behind her temples. Alone. Momma worked on the speed ironer and folder down at the Blue Ribbon Laundry in Chamberlain Centre. She had worked there since Carrie was five, when the compensation and insurance that had resulted from her father's accident had begun to run out. Her hours were from seven-thirty in the morning until four in the afternoon. The laundry was Godless. Momma had told her so many times. The foreman, Mr Elton Mott, was especially Godless. Momma said that Satan had reserved a special blue corner of Hell for Elt, as he was called at the Blue Ribbon. Alone. She opened her eyes. The living room contained two chairs with straight backs. There was a sewing table with a light where Carrie sometimes made dresses in the evening while Momma tatted doilies and talked about The Coming. The Black Forest cuckoo clock was on the far wall. There were many religious pictures, but the one Carrie liked best was on the wall above her chair. It was Jesus leading lambs on a hill that was as green and smooth as the Riverside golf course. The others were not as tranquil: Jesus turning the money-changers from the temple, Moses throwing the Tablets down upon the worshippers of the golden calf, Thomas the Doubter putting his hand on Christ's wounded side (oh, the horrified fascination of that one and the nightmares it had given her as a girl!), Noah's ark floating above the agonized, drowning sinners, Lot and his family fleeing the great burning of Sodom and Gomorrah. On a small deal table there were a lamp and a stack of tracts. The top pamphlet showed a sinner (his spiritual status was obvious from the agonized expression on his face) trying to crawl beneath a large boulder. The title blared: Neither shall the rock hide him ON THAT DAY! But the room was actually dominated by a huge plaster crucifix on the far wall, fully four feet high. Momma had mail-ordered it special from St Louis. The Jesus impaled upon it was frozen in a grotesque, muscle-straining rictus of pain, mouth drawn down in a groaning curve. His crown of thorns bled scarlet streams down temples and forehead. The eyes were turned up in a medieval expression of slanted agony. Both hands were also drenched with blood and the feet were nailed to a small plaster platform. This corpus had also given Carrie endless nightmares in which the mutilated Christ chased her through dream corridors, holding a mallet and nails, begging her to take up her cross and follow Him. Just lately these dreams had evolved into something less understandable but more sinister. The object did not seem to be murder but something even more awful. Alone. The pain in her legs and belly and privates had drained away a little. She no longer thought she was bleeding to death. The word was menstruation, and all at once it seemed logical and inevitable. It was her Time of the Month. She giggled a strange, affrighted giggle in the solemn stillness of the flying room. It sounded like a quiz show. You too can win an all-expenses-paid trip to Bermuda on Time of the Month. Like the memory of the stones, the knowledge of menstruation seemed always to have been there, blocked but waiting. She turned and walked heavily upstairs. The bathroom had a wooden floor that had been scrubbed nearly white (Cleanliness is next to Godliness) and a tub on claw feet. Rust stains dripped down the porcelain below the chrome spout, and there was no shower attachment. Momma said showers were sinful. Carrie went in, opened the towel cabinet, and began to hunt purposefully but carefully, not leaving anything out of place. Momma's eyes were sharp. The blue box was in the very back, behind the old towels they didn't use any more. There was a fuzzily silhouetted woman in a long, filmy gown on the side. She took one of the napkins out and looked at it curiously. She had blotted the lipstick she stuck into her purse quite openly with these – once on a street corner. Now she remembered (or imagined she did) quizzical, shocked looks. Her face flamed. They had told her. The flush faded to a milky anger. She went into her tiny bedroom. There were many more religious pictures here, but there were more lambs and fewer scenes of righteous wrath. A Ewen pennant was tacked over the dresser. On the dresser itself was a Bible and a plastic Jesus that glowed in the dark. She undressed – first her blouse, then her hateful kneelength skirt, her slip, her girdle, her pettipants, her garter belt, her stockings, She looked at the pile of heavy clothes, their buttons and rubber, with an expression of fierce wretchedness. In the school library there was a stack of back issues of Seventeen and often she leafed through them, pasting an expression of idiotic casualness on her face. The models looked so easy and smooth in their short, kicky skirts, pantyhose, and frilly underwear with patterns on them. Of course easy was one of Momma's pet words (she knew what Momma would say to a question) to describe them. And it would make her dreadfully self-conscious, she knew that. Naked, evil, blackened with the sin of exhibitionism, the breeze blowing lewdly up the backs of her legs, inciting lust. And she knew that they would know how she felt. They always did. They would embarrass her somehow, push her savagely back into clowndom. It was their way. She could, she knew she could be (what) in another place. She was thick through the waist only because sometimes she felt so miserable, empty, bored, that the only way to fill that gaping, whistling hole was to eat and eat and eat-but she was not that thick through the middle. Her body chemistry would not allow her to go beyond a certain point. And she thought her legs were actually pretty, almost as pretty as Sue Snell's or Vicky Hanscom's. She could be (what o what o what) could stop the chocolates and her pimples would go down. They always did. She could fix her hair. Buy pantyhose and blue and green tights. Make little skirts and dresses from Butterick and Simplicity patterns. The price of a bus ticket, a train ticket. She could be, could be, could be Alive. She unsnapped her heavy cotton bra and let it fall. Her breasts were milk-white, upright and smooth. The nipples were a light coffee colour. She ran her hands over them and a little shiver went through her. Evil, bad, oh it was. Momma had told her there was Something. The Something was dangerous, ancient, unutterably evil. It could make you Feeble. Watch, Momma said. It comes at night. It will make you think of the evil that goes on in parking lots and roadhouses. But, though this was only nine-twenty in the morning, Carrie thought that the Something had come to her. She ran her hands over her breasts (dirtypillows) again, and the skin was cool but the nipples were hot and hard, and when she tweaked one it made her feel weak and dissolving. Yes, this was the Something. Her underpants were spotted with blood. Suddenly she felt that she must burst into tears, scream, or rip the Something out of her body whole and, beating, crush it, kill it. The napkin Miss Desjardin had fixed was already wilting and she changed it carefully, knowing how bad she was, how bad they were, how she hated them and herself. Only Momma was good. Momma had battled the Black Man and had vanquished him. Carrie had seen it happen in a dream. Momma had driven him out of the front door with a broom, and the Black Man had fled up Carlin Street into the night, his cloven feet striking red sparks from the cement. Her momma had torn the Something out of herself and was pure. Carrie hated her. She caught a glimpse of her own face in the tiny mirror she had hung on the back of the door, a mirror with a cheap green plastic rim, good only for combing hair by. She hated her face, her dull, stupid, bovine face, the vapid eyes, the red, shiny pimples, the nests of black heads. She hated her face most of all. The reflection was suddenly split by a jagged, silvery crack. The mirror fell on the floor and shattered at her feet, leaving only the plastic ring to stare at her like a blinded eye. From Ogilvie's Dictionary of Physic Phenomena: Telekinesis is the ability to move objects or to cause changes in objects by force of the mind. The phenomenon has most reliably been reported in times of crisis or in stress situations, when automobiles have been levitated from pinned bodies or debris from collapsed buildings, etc. The phenomenon is often confused with the work of poltergeists, which are playful spirits. It should be noted that poltergeists are astral beings of questionable reality, while telekinesis is thought to be an empiric function of the mind, possibly electrochemical in nature †¦ When they had finished making love, as she slowly put her clothes in order in the back seat of Tommy Ross's 1963 Ford, Sue Snell found her thoughts turning back to Carrie White. It was Friday night and Tommy (who was still looking pensively out the back window with his pants still down around his ankles; the effect was comic but oddly endearing) had taken her bowling. That, of course, was a mutually accepted excuse. Fornication had been on their minds from the word go. She had been going out more or less steadily with Tommy ever since October (it was now May) and they had been lovers for only two weeks. Seven times, she amended. Tonight had been the seventh. There had been no fireworks yet, no bands playing ‘Stars and Stripes Forever,' but it had gotten a little better. The first time had hurt like hell. Her girl friends, Helen Shyres and Jeanne Gault, had both done It, and they both assured her that it only hurt for a minute – like getting a shot of penicillin – and then it was roses. But for Sue, the first time had been like being reamed out with a hoe handle. Tommy had confessed to her since, with a grin, that he had gotten the rubber on wrong, too. Tonight was only the second time she had begun to feel something like pleasure, and then it was over. Tommy had held out for as long as he could, but then it was just†¦ over. It seemed like an awful lot of rubbing for a little warmth. In the aftermath she felt low and melancholy, and her thoughts turned to Carrie in this light. A wave of remorse caught her with all emotional guards down, and when Tommy turned back from the view of Brickyard Rill, she was crying. ‘Hey,' he said, alarmed. ‘Oh, hey.' He held her clumsily. ‘It's all right,' she said still weeping. ‘It's not you. I did a not-so-good thing today. I was just thinking of it.' ‘What?' He patted the back of her neck gently. So she found herself launching into the story of that morning's incident, hardly believing it was herself she was listening to. Facing the thing frankly, she realized the main reason she had allowed Tommy to have her was because she was in (love? infatuation? didn't matter results were the same) with him, and now to put herself in this position-cohort in a nasty shower-room joke-was hardly the approved method to hook a fellow. And Tommy was, of course, Popular. As someone who had been Popular herself all her life, it had almost seemed written that she would meet and fall in love with someone as Popular as she. They were almost certain to be voted King and Queen of the highschool Spring Ball, and the senior class had already voted them class couple for the yearbook. They had become a fixed star in the shifting firmament of the high school's relationships, the acknowledged Romeo and Juliet. And she knew with sudden hatefulness that there was one couple like them in every white suburban high school in America. And having something she had always longed for – a sense of place, of security, of status – she found that it carried uneasiness with it like a darker sister. It was not the way she had conceived it. There were dark things lumbering around their warm circle of light. The idea that she had let him fuck her (do you have to say it that way yes this time I do) simply because he was Popular, for instance. The fact that they fit together walking, or that she could look at their reflection in a store window and think. There goes a handsome couple. She was quite sure